56 
lleconh of the Gaulogical Hiii'oey of Inita. 
[voL. XIll. 
the name of tlie Kiol series, which I have regarded as the.representative of the 
tJarhoniferons. This limestone band I have also considered to be almost certainly, 
from its composition and position, to be the equivalent of the inverted band of 
Krol limestone running along the foot of the lower Himalaya in the Simla dis¬ 
trict, and these oirinions I still hold to. 
I at the same time considered that the whole of the limestones capping the 
slates in the Simla district, which are pi’esumed to be the same as the Krol 
of the foot of the mountains, to be also of Cai'boniferous age. An inspection of 
these Simla limestones, with their irnderlying Blaiui rocks and Simla slates, has 
shown me that they agree so closely with the Carboniferous and Silurians of 
Lahul, that I am most strongly confirmed in my opinion that the slates are of 
Silurian, and at all events the lower lime.stones, of Carboniferous age. Mr. Med- 
licott,* in describing the infra-Krol rocks, notices in them the great prevalence of 
a carbonaceous element, and in the overlying Ki-ol, of limestones underlain by 
quartzitic sandstones. In both these chai’acters the rocks in question agree 
exactly with the presumably Carboniferous rooks of North Lahul. 
The Krol limestone is, however, so much thicker than the Carboniferous of 
Lahul and Ladak, that I now incline to the opinion that the upper prart of it is 
})robably the representative of the Trias of those districts. The characteristic 
dolomite is, however, wanting, and in the absence of fossils we have no means of 
sub-dividing the Krol. I have already stated my opnnion that the enormously 
thick limestones of Kashmir may be the rep)rosentatives of both Cai-boniferons 
and Trias, and I now extend this opinion to the Simla Krol limestone and the 
Great limestone of the outer hills. In Kashmir, as I have noticed above, the 
Carboniferous and Triassic series are generally so closely related that it is often 
difficult to draw any hard and fast boundary between them, and since they often 
vary locally to a very considerable extent in mineralogical composition, there 
would be nothing extraordinary in their being still more indistingui.shably blend¬ 
ed together in a region some distance away. According to this view the infra- 
Kr-ol carbonaceous shales would probably be Carboniferous (with which rocks in 
Ladak they correspond in composition to a considerable extent), and both upper 
and lower Trias and upper Carboniferous may be represented in the Krol. Some 
of the shales in the Kiol are much like those of the infra-Krol. 
4. The Sihirian .—The past season’s work has rendered an important contribu¬ 
tion to the geology of this part of the Himalaya, in confirming the conclusions 
])reviously arrived at as to the Silurian age of the great slate series. The key 
to this problem lies in the Spiti di.strict, where these slates contain Silurian 
fossils, and undeidie conformably the Carbo-Triassic rock series, and overlie the 
“ central” gneiss. From Spiti these Silurian slates may be traced through Zans- 
kar to Dras and thence to Tilel," where I have elsewhere shown that these slates 
are the equivalents of those of the Kashmir valley, the Pir Panjal and the Kisht- 
war district. The slates of Pangi,^ from their i-elations to the gneiss, must in all 
probability be of contemporaneous age. 
' M.iiuial of ttcologv of ImVm. p. fiOO. 
■- lice. Gcal. Surv. India, Vol. XII, p. 20. 
3 Ibid., Vol. XI, p. 5t. 
