PAHT 3.] 
Gr 'u‘-'ihiwh : Geoloijrctil Nofea, 
91 
again into two siib-groups, both of which I recognized in the Himalayas. 
These base beds really represent the Bnntsandstein of extra-alpine areas, but 
have a wide extent, being now known over a great paid of Armenia, the Caucasus, 
probably Siberia, and certainly the Tibetan area. In a paper in this number 
of the Records I give short descriptions of a few new forms of Cephalopod.s 
from this bod, along with a fragmentary notice of its fos.sil contents generally. 
Resides all the principal fossils characteristic of the Worfen beds of the Ea.stern 
Alp.s, I found associated with them numerous parent forms of Ammonite genera, 
later on develojied in the Trias, and also an undoubted Prodnetus, which most 
resembles the Productus latirostratus, Hoivse, of the Permian. It is therefore a 
bed containing an admixture of palteozoic forms with yonneer types, but the 
intimate relation with the overlying Trias and Rluntic is well proved by the 
constant appearance of these variegated shales and limestones at the base of the 
llnschelkalk, overlapiiing in succession the various beds composing the Cai'- 
boniferous formation. 
Turning to the Peninsula, we find in like manner the base-rock of the Gond- 
wanas, represented by the Talchirs with Karharbari bods, containing (according 
to Dr. Feistmantel, who was the first who drew attention to this fact), besides the 
forms later on so common in the Gondwanas, species closely allied to, if not 
identical with, the younger Carboniferous plants of Austi’alia. If it is at all 
possible to compare marine beds wdth fresh water dejrosits, then surely the com¬ 
parison between the “ Werfen beds ” of the Himalayas with the Talchir-Karhar¬ 
bari beds afford many points of analogy : both ai-e the first deposits which |take 
place after the i-eadjustment of physical conditions in postpalceozoic times, and 
both contain a mixture of younger palseozoic and of triassic types of forms. I 
have, therefore, referred both these groups to the same parallel in the annexed 
table. 
11. The Tertiary serien of the Tibetan Himalayas .—The cretaceous limestones 
mostly occujry the last range of hills, forming as it were a rim around the vast 
high plateau of Tibet; beymnd is a wide expanse of Tertiary rocks, beyond 
which appears again the mesozoic section. I only examined the series as far as 
the Sutlej, which river flows through upper Tertiary deposits. 
Leaning against the cretaceous series of the Tibetan passes, I forrnd white and 
red limestones, with a few indi.stinct traces and sections of Numraulites, the whole 
traversed by enormous dykes of a basaltic trap, which has completely altered the 
rocks into a kind of semi-metamorphic mass, in some parts resembling a por- 
Stoliezka has described the same occurrence in the north-western 
Himalayas. 
Hext follow pepper-and-salt coloured sandstones and grits of molasse appear¬ 
ance, which in all probability represent some member of the sorrthern Siwalik 
belt. But only here and there the highly inclined lower Tertiaries are seen in 
the lower river valleys, the whole being covered up by the younger gravels and 
sands which spread in horizontal beds and widely extended terraces over the 
great Sutlej valley. I may here mention that in this latter deposit near Dongpa 
I found fragments of mammalian bones, which makes it tolerably certain that the 
former finds of bones (Strachey) were also derived from the same source. 
B 
