168 
[vOL. XU!. 
Records of the Geological S/irrey (f India. 
(the deepest of all the lakes according to Mr. Ball), the peculiar features of which 
I shall describe further on. Malwa Tnl is simply an expansion of the Kalsa river, 
which with a south-easterly course drains the Gag-an peak and adjoining heights, 
the drainage of all and the whole group of associated lakes being ultimately 
conveyed into the Gola river. 
Bhim Tal and its neighbour Naukatchia Tal arc separated from Malwa Tal 
by a lofty range with peaks from 6,413 to 6,320 in height; whilst from Naini 
Tal, Sath Tal, and the lakes which drain into the Balia river, they are separated 
by a somewhat lower range of only 5,820 feet in height. 
The most remarkable lakes are Bhim Tal and Xaukatchia Tal, and their 
peculiar relation to each other renders it desirable to consider them together. 
Bhim Tal & Nackatchta Tal. 
Even the new 1-inch maps of the country give no adequate idea of the 
peculiar features of the di’ainage of those two lake.s. For example, the villages 
of Dhansila and Padani are situated on opposite sides of the stream which con¬ 
veys away the surplus waters of Bhim Tal, a fact that it w'ould be impossible 
to surmise from the map; indeed so far as 1 can make out, no escape wdiatever for 
the surplus waters of Bhim Tal is shown on the 1-inch map. One thing is ap¬ 
parent on the ground, and has been noticed by Mr. Ball, that the present drain¬ 
age of Bhim Tal does not appear to be in the same direction as that it originally 
pursued, and I would extend the remark to Naukatchia Tal as well. Bhim Tal 
and Naukatchia Tal both stand in the same general south-east line, but the 
actual drainage lino betw'een them is slightly deflected on one side by the ridgo 
on which DhLsila stands. At present the surplus waiters of Bhim Tal make their 
escape about the centre of the lake on its cast side, flowing under Dhansila (that 
is, to the north-east of it) with a prevailing south-east course as ah-cady stated. 
But there can bo very little doubt that the original exit of the waters of the main 
valley, of which a submerged section now constitutes the present lake, was direct- 
Iv to the south and to the w'ost of Dhansila instead of to the north-east of that 
village. My explanation of course is, that the escape waters found a readier 
passage through the lateral moraine skirting the east bank of the lake, than at 
the original point of discharge to the south, through and across not only the 
accumulated materials of the principal moraine, but the added accumulations of 
the eastern or lateral moraine (Mr. Ball’s GwiLUcr ’ led ) and a similar accession 
from the western slopes, which all helped to jam the throat of the gorge to the 
south. Be this as it may, the surplus waters now find their way beneath 
Dhansila, flowing to the south-east, till at a little loss than halfway to Nankat- 
chia Till they are mot by the surplus waters of that lake, flowdng in an exactly 
o.iposite direction to the north-west. The hydrographical situation is peculiar, 
notto say embarrassing, but the result is, that tlie united waters of both lakes 
are deflected at almost a right angle to their joint courses, and flow to the south¬ 
west, through a narrow^ gorge in the trap ridge on which Dhansila stands, into 
the Gola river, llosuming our course, from the abovo junction, in a south-eastern 
direction, and which would be called down the valley, but for the anomaly of the 
