I’AiiT 4.] Theobahl: Pleistocene deposits of the Northern Punjab. 2.‘n 
Mr. Wynne also writes as follows (Records X, p. 124) ;—“ On one of the river 
terraces of tlio Indus gorge, between Pari and Bahtar, I measured an ‘ erratic ’ 
mass of unfossiliferoua limestone 9 fcict liigh and 74 feet in girtb, which may have 
belonged to any of the neighbouring limestones, from the lower nummulitic down- 
wai’ds, and seems to bo as truly an erratic block as any of the others.’* No doubt this 
block had not travelled far, but it is interesting to find such a mass on an old river 
terrace, when the full significance is realised of such blocks occurring on the old 
gravels, but not in them, as would seem to have been always assumed as being the 
case, as a matter of course, by the opj)onents of glacial theories. 
No less interesting, as proving the altered surface conditions now prevailing, 
are the indications affoiHicd by the lower part of the Dohr valley, where it is 
joined by the Siran. Leaving Haripur by the Torbela road, which descends 
sensibly, and continues nearly parallel to the course of the Doin’, wo come in 
sight, at about 4 miles, of what seems a low ridge stretching right across the 
valley and connecting the hills across the Dohr with the Gandgarh range of hills. 
A little to the left of this seeming ridge, and perched on the foot of the Gand¬ 
garh hills, is the village of Dari; and away to the right is Barukot. Approach¬ 
ing nearer, we find that the seeming ridge is broached right in fi’ont of us by the 
Dorh, after being joined by a small stream from the south, when it flows on and 
joins the Siran close to the village of Tapli. The road along the bank of the 
Dohr here affords an excellent section of the coarse boulder deposits which seem 
to constitute the ridge in question. On the Gandgarh flanks, round which the 
road winds, the dcijosit consists of coarse gravel and boulder conglomei’ates, 
with a good many Indus erratics strewed about the hill side and lying in the bed 
of the stream. One of these near Tapli was measured by Mr. Wynne (Recoi-ds, 
XII, p. 132) and found to be 109 feet in girth, and others of about half that size 
are pretty frequent lower down. None of these have deseevided the Dohr, and at first 
sight the impression was a very strong one that the seeming bank on which 
Barukot stands, littered over as it is with ‘ erratics, ’ was a moraine which had 
descended the Siran valley and been breached by the Dohr jmior to its ellocting a 
junction with the former river. An examination of the ground about Barukot, 
however, totally dispelled this view and revealed a very curious and anomalous con¬ 
dition of things. The ridge in question was found to bo a remnant of the same old 
alluvium constituting the Haripur plain, and cut into a tongue by the Siran on one 
side of it and the Dohr on the other. This spit, or tongue, is thickly covered with 
Indus boulder gravel and some erratics ; but not a single erratic or boulder en¬ 
croaches on or is found in the Haripur plain, which is hei’e below it in level; and 
I do not think any of this gravel is discernible over 100 yards beyond its sharply, 
defined boundary at the village of Dari, or south of the Dohr, which ran under 
the Barukot ridge. 
In the valley of the Siran, not a boulder or erratic is to be seen, and the sur- 
pi’ising inference is unavoidable that the capping of boulder gravels and erratics 
has been washed over the Haripur alluvium from the Indus itself. At first sight 
it would seem as if those erratics and boulder gravel or drift must have ascended 
the course of the joint Dohr and Siran valley, but a glance at the map and the 
space covered by these ‘ erratics ’ will show that supposition is not necessary. But 
