240 
[vOL. XIII. 
lieconh of the Geological Surveg of India. 
can have cut its way back north into its present course without removing, 
in so doing, the ‘ erratics ’ which stand in a jiosition which would, under such 
circumstances, have been its channel for a certain period. The contour of the 
ground, too, is opposed to the idea of the river having ever flowed, at the spot, 
more to the south, so that the ‘ fan ’ theory of ‘ erratic ’ transpoi’t wholly breaks 
down. 
The following notes, penned so far hack as 1871, may be here quoted, as 
the views then advocated are strongly corroborated by the foregoing results 
of last season. 
“ The interest which attaches to any well-defined traces of former glacial 
conditions, away from the immediate vicinity of the main Himalayan ranges, 
induces me to bring forwai'd such an instance (as I believe it to be) on the flank 
of Jogi Tillah, the well-known hill near Jholum, and which must, if substantiated, 
offer considerable support to the view of a former more extensive glaciation in 
India than is generally supposed, and not dependent on any present local fea¬ 
tures, orographical or hypsometrical. 
“ Jogi Tillah, which rises somewhat abruptly from the plains, is situated 16 
miles west-south-west from Jhelum, and may bo regarded as the most easterly 
termination of the Salt-range, though severed from it by some complicated 
faulting and the channel of the Biinhar river. The mountain itself is a wedge 
of rock forming an epitome of the Salt-range strata, and displaying at base the 
devonian salt marl on the one hand, whilst on its opposite slope a thin belt 
of nummulitic limestone dips at a steep angle beneath the extended newer 
tertiaries which form the great Potowar plateau. As the dip of the beds is 
to the north-west, the scarp of the hill faces the south-east, and below the 
scarp, the hill side falls raj)idly away over a talus of fragmentary blocks 
deeply excavated by ravines which furrow the newer tertiary bods at its base. 
Viewed from a distance, the profile of the outer hills immediately beyond the 
scarp of the mountain is peculiar, the outline being that of a long, flat hill, with 
a slope outward of loss than 10,° though what is seen is really tbe profile of 
one of many long ridges, separated by narrow valleys, deeply excavated in the 
soft tertiary sands and clays. So far there is nothing peculiar, nor are any 
(at least prominent) traces of glacial action met with either to the east or west 
of the hill, or over the flat Potowar plateau stretching away for miles to the 
north of it. For a narrow space, however, of about 3 miles west of Hiin, 
over a belt of ground corresponding with the loftiest point of the mountain, 
the whole surface is more or less thickly covered with blocks, irregular and 
sub-angular, of the rocks forming the mass of the hill and presenting all the 
appearance of having formed part of an enormous moraine, or group of 
moraines, which swept down with a grand curve a little west of Hamula, and 
thence on to witliin a similar distance of Hiin, both villages standing just out¬ 
side of the groat sti’eam of fragments. On the top of the ridges, now some 
200 feet or more above the present streams, these fragments are thickly packed, 
but they are also seen strewed over the sides of the hill and choking up the 
beds of the streams. The general relations and arrangement of these blocks are 
