PART 4.] Thedbahl: Pleistocene deposits of the Northern Funjnh. 241 
nowhere better seen than on the road from Hun to Hamula, and just where 
the road reaches the small stream Avest of the latter village, the whole coun¬ 
try betrays signs of being littered OA^er with moraine debi’is, though all, if I mis¬ 
take not, subsided through their graAuty and the gradually washing away of the 
soft tertiary bods Avhereon they once rested, and not actually in situ. This is 
clearly seen by ti’acing the blocks up the steep slope of the hill to their 
undisturbed place at the top, the top being the long sloping ridge, seen in all 
distant views of the ground as gradually sloping from the base of the scarped 
side of the mountain. 
“ On the top, then, only, of these ridges (no doubt once an extended and con¬ 
tinuous plateau) the undisturbed moraine materials are seen, but beyond, on the 
lower ground, and on the sides of the hills, the materials are distributed, 
under the influence of ordinary denudation and gravity. 
“ The blocks which foi’m this great flood of stones are irregular in shape and 
sub-angular, of no very great size, 2 feet in diameter, perhaps being a fair mean, 
though some larger ones are interspersed here and there. The largest remarked 
by me was barely 8 feet in length, and was split into three pieces, where it lay, 
most probably, by the action of frost, to which may be attributed the absence 
of any large fragments. The majority of blocks consisted of the magnesian 
limestone, or some of the sandstones found in the hill; but the red sandstone, 
overlying the salt marl, though not absent, was scarce, and the few specimens 
seen were much decayed from the joint action of saline infiltration and the 
consequent disintegration of the stone through the action of moisture and frost. 
“ That these stones all descended from the scarp of Jogi Tillah is clear, but 
how is the question. The ground covered by these blocks m.ay be roughly taken 
as some 3 miles in breadth opposite the highest peaks of Jogi Tillah, Avhilst the 
flood of stones extends over 3 miles or more from the highest peaks. Now the 
horizontal catchment area opposite the highest scarp is not appreciably greater 
than on an equal breadth opposite the less elevated pm-tions of the mountain, 
so that had mere streams been the motive power, we should have to account for 
a local debacle of atones for which no adequate explanation through local 
stream action was available; whei’eas in the case of a glacier, it is clear that 
the magnitude of the associated moraine would bear a more or less close ratio 
to the altitude of the rooky face from which the glacier originated, just such 
a relation, in fact, as these scattered masses display with relation to the highest 
point of the mountain. 
“ Three miles may seem a distance not too great for these blocks to have 
travelled during the countless centuries during which the streams have been 
loAvering their channels from the old high level at which they once ran—the 
oid glacier level in fact; but such a supposition leaA^es out of sight two points : 
first, that though such small streams as descend from Jogi Tillah are capable of 
a very powerful erosive action on the soft beds through Avhich they run, their 
direct transporting poAver forwards ns regards largo subangular masses of stone 
is almost nil; and, secondly, that the great bulk of debris, Avhich I term a 
‘ moraine,’ is certainly transported, and that a clear distinction can be observed 
between the high level bulk of the deposit, which may bo regarded as the material 
