242 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[voL. xiu. 
as loft, in situ, by tbe cessation of the transporting cause, and the subsidiary 
effect of stream cutting which has since been going on, allowing the lapse from 
the higher level of the “ moraine” matters by simple gravity into the newer and 
over-deepening channels. There is thus a “ consensus ” of arguments all tending 
to support a glacial origin for the blocks in question. 
“ There is the general appearance so suggestive of a moraine in the arrange¬ 
ment of the coai’se materials, and the mai’ked and definite sweep they assume 
west of Hiin and Hamula. Then there is the marked relation of this band of 
debris to the highest part of the hill, which might of course call for no remark if 
it was confined to a more talus along the base of the mountain, but is vciy 
significant when it is found stretching outward at a high level in a manner 
hardly compatible with mere fluvial agency, and there is the difficulty of admit¬ 
ting the power of streams to produce such a result under the peculiar physical 
and surface conditions of the neighbourhood. Finally, it can hardly be ques¬ 
tioned that Jogi Tillah lies well within the isothermal limits of former glacier 
extension, since I have shown that at the period in question that line embraced 
the southern flanks of the outer hills down to the plains west of the Jumna.” 
The above extract from my notes is given -vvith trivial verbal alterations, 
precisely as it was written in 1871; indeed there is no call for any alteration. 
Eoth Mr. Medlicott and Mr. Lydekkor accompanied mo over the ground, and 
they were much struck with the appearances which I refer to glacial conditions, 
though I believe their verdict at the time was one of ‘not proven.’ It was 
then certainly more bold to adduce such a cause than it would be now, after 
so convincing a demonstration of glacial agency at low levels has been made 
out; but I had previously discovered symptoms of glacial influences to the 
east, which, if not conclusive jJcr se, had their proper weight in determining 
my own conclusions. I will mention a few—^not that I insist in every instance 
that they are absolutely indications of glacial agency, but that such agency 
seems the mo.st ju'obable explanation thereof, and, with a view to direct future 
observers to those obscure features, that their true bearing may bo better eluci¬ 
dated. In the northern part of the Jhelum district, in the vicinity of the 
Jhelum river, a noteworthy feature in the landscape is the pre.sence of flat, high 
level plateaux. These are but thinly covered by surface allmdum, and are not 
portions of old lake beds, but consist of sandstones mth various dij) planed down 
flat in a manner which makes it difficult to refer such to the result of wandering- 
stream action. These flat jflateaux arc sometimes slightly inclined, and the most 
natural explanation of this particular surface configuration is ‘ ice action.’ It 
is a feature I have nowhere seen noticed or alluded to by previous un-iters, and 
T consider it one which merits further study. 
The occurrence in the valleys of moraine materials, disposed as I have de¬ 
scribed in the Kunhar valley, I shall not here allude to at length, as such cases 
are rarely so clear as seen there, and I may have an opportunity of re-examining 
some spots where such deposits are in force, a.s in some tributaries of the Chinilb. 
I will, however, mention one case of a transported block -which I think can be 
duo to none save glacial agency. It is a limestone block lying on the stream, 
12 miles south-west from Riasi, on the Chinab, between the villages Bardol and 
