PART 4.] 
llacket: Usef ul Minerals of the Arvali Region. 
249 
Rutile .—Rutile (titanic acid) exists in small quantities in some little quartz 
veins in the Motidongri ridge a short distance south of Ulwar. 
Plumhago .—At the back of the town of yohna, in the Gurgaon district, a 
thin irregular band of schists occurs iu quartzites. From those schists some 
specimens of plumbago have been taken. There are no traces of any excavations 
ever having been made, except a very small pit, which could not have been many 
feet deep. Anything that I could see was exceedingly j)Oor, and hardly deserved 
the name of plumbago, and I doubt if any much richer was ever taken from 
this locality. A specimen sent to me by the Dejauty Commissioner was as poor 
as those I picked up. 
Gold .—When examining these schists, the Sohna Lumbadar told me that 
after every rains small quantities of gold were extracted from the sand, mud, &e., 
of the little wmter-courses at the bottom of the hill. I questioned the Chumars of 
the town, who told me that it was true that they made a few rujoces every year in 
this way, and that the heavier the rains, the larger the amount of gold. Last 
year, for instance (1877), as the rains were so slight, they did not got any, or did 
not think it worth while looking for. 
The only rocks exposed in the gully are the quartzites and the schists. As 
it is not probable that the gold would be washed out of the hard quartzites, it 
must, I presume, come from the schists. 
Kaolin .—The kaolin mines are situated at Kussoompur, and a short distance 
to south, in the Delhi hills, a few miles north of the Kutub Minar. There is only 
one mine now worked, and that, unfortunately, had not yet been opened for the 
season, so that I could oidy judge from surface appearances. 
There are few small pits sunk in a hollow entirely surrounded by quartzites. 
The stuff brought out of the pits resembles, in evciy particular, components 
of the numerous granite dykes in the Arvali series, only the felspar in this case 
is decomposed. The plates of mica and crystals of quartz are mixed up with 
the kaolin in exactly the same way as they are with the white felspar in the 
granite veins. 
This decomposed rock is thrown into water, when the mica and quaidz are 
separated from the kaolin, and the latter made into small cakes and used for 
white-washing purposes, and as fire-elay. 
Another kaolin mine occurs at Buchara, near the Lota river, in the Ulwar 
hills. There are numerous granitic veins near, and of course this kaolin is 
the result of the decomposition of the granite. 
Garnets .—The Arvali schists frequently contain innumerable garnets, but it 
is not often that they are of sufficient size to bo worth jheking up. There are, 
however, extensive workings for them at Sarwar, 20 miles south-east of Nusseera- 
bad, at Rajmahal in Jeypore, and at Maga iu Oodeypore. 
The Sarwar workings consist of a number of pits sunk in a narrow belt of 
mica schists, in which nrrmerous gi'anitic intrusions occur. The whole length 
(upwards of a mile) of the outcrop of the schists is burrowed in search of the 
garnets. Those 1 saw from the mine were of good colour and size, but badly 
cut. 
