OF WESTERN EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN COASTS. 
935 
an absence also, in the upper part of tliose cave deposits in which M. Riviere made 
his interesting discoveries, of flint implements of a special Palieolitliic type, whereas 
those of well-known Neolithic types are common. 
With regard to the human jaw (now lost) from Nice, M. Riviere does not agree 
with Cuvier that it was of a date more recent than the other bones in the breccia, 
although he considers that it came from his upper and newer bed. Cuvier only 
mentions that it was an isolated fragment and not attached to the breccia, and it must 
be remembered that the greater part of the bones examined by him were collected 
by the eminent naturalist Risso* from the debris of a fissure that had fallen at 
the foot of an escarpment.—J. P., April, 1893.] 
Inland Fismres. —Ossiferous fissures are not, however, confined to near the coast, 
nor to moderate heights, as on the coasts of France and England. They are found, 
on the contrary, in the interior of France at very considerable heights. Two of the 
most remarkable instances are those of Pedemar and Santenay. 
The Montagne de Pedemar lies a short distance S.S.W. of St. Hippolyte (Gard), 
and has been described by M. Marcel de Serres.I It is an isolated hill rising to 
the height of 1128 feet above the sea-level, and of 577 feet above the adjacent valleys 
It “ has the form of a truncated cone, of which the contours represent an elongated 
oval. The greatest diameter of the oval is 984 feet and the smallest 460 feet.” , . . 
“ It is wit hin this limited area that the strange phenomenon has happened of the 
accumulation of a large quantity of bones of diverse animals ” in hollows or fissures on 
the south slope of the hill near the top. They are found in a red earth, with fragments 
of the subjacent Neocomian rocks, which cover the summit of the hill, but the bones 
occur only in the fissures. The rock fragments are perfectly angular, and there is 
not a trace of rolled pebbles. Almost all the bones are broken into fragments, and 
M. de Serres specially notices that they are scattered without order, without any 
relation to their position in the skeleton, and that they have neither been gnawed nor 
rolled. There is also an entire absence of coprolites. A few of the bones only were 
sufficiently perfect to be recognised as belonging to Rhinoceros lunelensis, Gervais 
{R. leptorhinus f), Bos ?, Capra ?, and Equus. 
Marcel de Serres makes the simiificant remark that the detritus is such as could 
only have been derived from rocks on the summit of the hill, showing that the 
spread of the debris was due to a current originating on its summit, and not from a 
distance,—such a displacement in fact as would be caused by divergent currents 
during upheaval. 
The “ Montagne de Santenay ” offers another singular instance of a high-level 
* It is not probable that Risso, wbo resided at Nice, would have sent Cuvieb any specimens but such 
as he thought belonged to that deposit. He was of opinion that the fissures had not served as caves for 
the habitation of the animals whose remains are found in the breccia. 
t ‘Bull. Soc. Geol. de France,’ 2nd ser., vol. 15, p. 233, 1858. 
