OF WESTERN EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN COASTS. 
943 
Ursus fossilis sive priscus. 
Hycsna crocuta. 
Fells pardus. 
pardina. 
,, caligata. 
Equiis cahallus. 
Rhinoceros hemitcechus, Falc. {R. 
leptorhinus, Owen, vel R. 
Merchii, Lartet). 
Cuvier mentions Lagomys, but with doubt. 
The bones were much broken and splintered, and Dr, Falconer states that in no 
Instance did they observe “ fossil bones attributable to one complete skeleton of any 
one of the larger Mammalia,” nor does he or Mr. Busk allude to any of the bones 
having been gnawed. Had they been so, it would certainly not have escaped the 
notice of such experienced observers. At the same time they remark that the bones 
in the newer or prehistoric caves were gnaived. 
Mr. Busk tells us that “ wherever the surface is exposed it is seen intersected by 
ramifying fissures which occasionally widen into extensive caverns either empty or 
filled with bone breccia and crystalline spar.”* Sometimes the fissures are very 
narrow, at other times they are many feet wide and extend to great depths; the one 
on Windmill Hill was followed to a depth of 290 feet from the surface, and another on 
St. Michael’s Hill to a depth of 288 feet. Owing to the size of the blocks in some 
cases, and in others to the contraction of the sides of the fissures, large open spaces 
have often been left at various depths. 
Human remains, including entire skeletons, together with fragments of pottery, 
stone implements, worked bones and remains of recent animals, were discovered in 
many of these spaces or caverns, but they were all of Neolithic and recent date, and 
do not come wdthin the scope of our inquiry.t Besides these, however, traces of 
Palgeolithic Man were met with. At the depth of 53 feet, in one of the fissures on 
Windmill Hill, the workmen came upon a quantity of red breccia in which were 
found two teeth of Rhinoceros. In the same mass there was a human tooth, which 
Mr, Busk identified as a molar that had never been cut, together with a jlint knife, 
and numerous large pieces of flint.| 
To account for the bones in the breccia, two explanations have been suggested, 
1st, that of Buckland and De la Beche, which attributes the ossiferous debris to 
the remains of animals that had fallen into open fissures. To this I have already 
Cervus elaphus. 
„ dama. 
Capra ibex. 
Bos primigenius, 
Sus scrofa. 
Lepus caniculus. 
,, timidus. 
Canis vulptes. 
* Many of the later caves were beautifully furnished witli stalactites, 
t They are desci’ibed by Mr. Busk in the paper just quoted, 
t Land shells are also said to have also been found. 
