956 PROrBSSOR J. PRESTWICH OB' TEE EVIDENCES OF A SUBMERGENCE 
Hippopotamus ; amongst thorn were 300 astragali of that animal. Scina also col¬ 
lected 76 astragali for the Museum of Palermo, together with 14 jaws with teeth, 
besides numerous single teeth,’"' and specimens of almost all the bones of the body 
belonging to animals of all ages down to the foetus. The following diagram section 
(fig. 19) gives the chief features, as described by the above writers. It is not drawn 
to any scale. 
Fig. 19. —Restored diagram section of the Cave of San Giro {J.P.). 
i. Hippurite limestone. 2. Pliocene sands and marls. 
I Red clay, with angular blocks of limestone, passing dovm into reddish') 
a'. Bone hreccia< clay, with smaller fragments and some pebbles of limestone and > 20 feet ? 
quartz. (The latter may be derived from the sea-bed, c) . . . J 
c. Sand, with sea-shells and corals (?) of recent species. The walls to some height 
above c were perforated by Lithodomi f.1 to 2 „ 
With respect to the position and condition of the bones, the evidence is conflicting. 
SciNA says that the bones ^vere without order, and those of the different animals 
were mixed together, that they were broken, shattered, and dispersed in fragments. 
Speaking of the Elephant remains, he remarks that no entire tusks were found, and 
that the fangs of the teeth and epiphyses of the vertebrae w^ere gone, whilst some of 
the bones were so reduced by wear as to be scarcely recognisable. Two teeth of 
* These were still so numerous on the surface of the ground between the cave and the church of San 
Giro, at the time of Dr. Falconer’s visit, that the women and childi’en of the neighbourhood picked up 
the teeth and brought them to him in handfuls. Whether these were ploughed up, or had been rejected 
at the time of the diggings, is, however, uncertain. They wei’e not worn. 
t It is possible that there may have been a distinct bone-breccia of the cave age between c and a'. 
