970 PROFESSOR J. PRESTWICK OH THE EVIDEHCES OF A SUBMERGENCE 
Hippopotamus have been found on the north-west side of the Lasethe Mountains, 
but their age is doubtful and more particulars are wanting. 
These facts prove how prolonged earth movements have been in this area. They 
show also that drift deposits of the same character as we have noticed in Greece and 
Malta are clearly traceable thus far eastward. 
Turkey. —What little is known of the superficial deposits of Turkey confirms the 
impression that the later geological changes we have described, affected that country 
equally with Greece. On both sides of the Dardanelles there are the remains of a 
marine deposit with recent species of Ostrea and Cardium, at a height of about 
40 feet above the present sea-level and Strickland t says that a thick mass of 
drift consisting of a ferruginous earth with pebbles and boulders skirts the southern 
flanks of the lesser Balkans, and extends to the neighbourhood of Constantinople, 
but he gives no details, | 
M. DE Tchiha.tcheff§ tells us that in Boumelia there are immense deposits of 
angular detrital matter sometimes loose, at others agglutinated, covering like a mantle 
a great part of the country, and especially developed in the neighbourhood of Con¬ 
stantinople. The only fossils he names are land shells—sjDecies of Pupa and 
Clausilia. 
M. Viquesnel|| says that in Macedonia the Tertiary and Cretaceous strata are 
covered by a drift {Alluvions anciennes), over which, in the'Plain of Doubnitza, is a 
loam with fragments of Palaeozoic and crystalline rocks, derived from the adjacent 
hills. This drift forms slopes resting against the hills to the height of 200 to 300 feet. 
A similar deposit flanks the hills in the Ptodonia valley, and again in some of the 
valleys of Albania. 
Although exact particulars and sections are wanting, we recognize in these general 
descriptions many of the characters of the Rubble-drift, 
Asia Mhior. —Admiral Beaufort,1[ who surveyed the south coast of Asia Minor, 
speaks of a “ petrified beach ” as of common occurrence, but from his description it 
appears to be recent. It contains angular fragments in places. He also incidentally 
notices that in the Island of Rhodes there is a pudding-stone (breccia ?), considerably 
elevated a,bove the sea, which was not distinguishable from some he saw on the shores 
of Greece, except that it was more solid. 
* ‘ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,’ vol. 13, p. 81, 1857. 
t ‘ Memoirs,’ Part 2, p. 8, 1836. 
J Mr. F. Caltept mentions the finding of two Palseolilhic flint implements “ like those from Suffolk,” 
ill a valley running into the Dardanelles, with boulders, on a ridge 100 to 300 feet high. ‘Journ. 
Anthrop. Inst.,’ vol. 10, p. 428, 1881. 
§ ‘Bull. Soc. Geol. France,’ 2nd ser., vol. 8, pp. 307, 311. 
II “ Un Voyage dans la Turquie d’Europe,” ‘ Mem. Soc. Geol. France,’ 2 ser., vol. 1, p. 291. 
^ ‘ Karamania,’ 2d edit., pp. 182-5, 1818. 
