976 PROFESSOR J. PRESTWICH OR" THE EVIDENCES OF A SUBMERGEXCE 
blocked by a mass of breccia containing Helix as 2 )ersa, and a BMlimus, while the 
interior was filled by a bed of clay with Mammalian remains covered by washed- 
in earth. Three other caves are noticed, one of which seems rather to have been an 
ossiferous fissure. In this, at a depth of 33 feet and under a mass of stalagmite, was 
a concreted red breccia containing numerous bones, amongst which M. Eexou 
discovered a worked flint^' flake, very thin, circular in shape, and 2^ inches in 
diameter. In another cave or fissure, which was also blocked by a mass of breccia 
with Helix aspersa, he found an isolated human molar tooth, with a few Mammalian 
remains. The bones found in these several caves belonged to Hycena^ Rhinoceros, 
Felis, Canis, Bos, Ovis, Capra, Sus, and Antilope, but the species are not named. As 
these discoveries were made in 1840-1842, M. Eenou, though correctly noticing that 
the sj^ecies were somewhat dissimilar to those of the present day, came to the conclu¬ 
sion that the caves were synchronous with the Raised Beaches, and that both belonged 
to the human period as then understood,—that they were pre-Homan, or, as we should 
now say, pre-historic. Owing to the prepossession then prevailing on this subject, 
this find failed to attract further attention.! 
Non-osseous breccias seem to be widely spread in Algeria, but they have been only 
incidentally noticed. There is also in places an angular rubble with Helix and 
Cyclostoma resting on an uneven surface and overlaid by a bed of red earth. These 
may be a form of Bubble-drift.^ 
Constantine. —In an argillaceous bed, underlying a deposit of Travertine, on the 
plateau of Mangourah, remains of Hip)popotamus, Bos, Equus, and Antilope, considered 
by M. Bayle§ to be of Quaternary age, have been found. No caves and no ossiferous 
fissures have, however, been recorded in this province. We are not in possession 
of sufficient evidence to say whether or not a conglomerate (or breccia) which 
M. H. Coquand|| describes as varying from 2 to 50 metres in thickness, should be 
classed with the Bubble-drift. It resembles it in many respects, overlying all other 
beds except the travertine, and consisting of debris of the local rocks, of older drift 
gravels and sands, and of the red surface clays, confusedly mixed together, besides 
containing occasionally blocks of large size (exceeding 1 metre cube). 
Tunis .—A Raised Beach north of Monastir attains a height of 20 metres, decreasing 
in level southward to 5 or 6 metres. It contains a Strombus (/S', coronatus) not found 
* This material is foreign to the district. 
t [Of the occurrence of Palaeolithic flint implements there can be no doubt, Sir John Lubbock having 
picked up one on the surface, near Algiers. He mentions also the discovery of one by Dr. Bleicher 
in a rock shelter, near Oran. ‘ Joimn. Anthrop. Inst.,’ vol. 10, p. 316, 1881.—J. P., July, 1893.] 
t ‘Bull. Soc. Geol. de France,’ 2nd ser., vol. 11, p. 343: ibid., 3rd ser., vol. 16, p. 877, 1888. 
§ M. Bayle remarks on the extent inland and on the coast of Quaternary drifts, and states that some 
beds contain, in places, numerous Helices. 
II “Description Geologique de la Province de Constantine,” ‘Mem. Soc. Geoh de France,’ 3rd ser., 
vol. 6, p. 219, 1878. 
