CONSTITUTION AND TEMPERATURE ON MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY. 
131 
true crystalline to the true liquid state. The value of 3x/x for para-azoxyanisol was 
6 per cent. A smaller and less definite value was obtained with cholesteryl chloride, 
and after the liquid state had appeared the susceptibility continued to decrease, 
probably owing to further dissociation of molecular complexes. M. Pascal* has 
recently investigated para-azoxyphenetol, C 2 H r ,.0.\^ ^>.N—N.<^ ^>.O.C 2 H 5 , and has 
discovered that the red liquid form is less diamagnetic than the yellow crystalline 
form, the value of 3y/x being 18 per cent. This substance appears to behave like 
para-azoxyanisol, but gives a larger value of 3x- 
In the case of para-azoxyanisol, the x — ^ curve for ascending temperature was 
similar to that for descending temperature, but the two curves were slightly displaced 
owing to thermal lag. Fusion took place at 120° C. 
The sign of 3x for each of these liquid crystal compounds is the same as that for 
benzoyl chloride and phenylliydrazine. Through the kindness of Prof. Pope, I have 
been able to examine some crystals of the last substance under the crystallization 
microscope, but no trace whatever of a doubly refracting layer at the boundaries of 
the crystals could be discerned. 
It may perhaps be supposed that the transition of all substances, from the true 
liquid to the true crystalline state, takes place over a finite though small interval of 
temperature. This does not imply that all substances should show the liquid crystal 
state, but merely that a labile state exists, which may or may not be doubly 
refracting, in which the molecular grouping is determining how the substance will 
crystallize on further cooling. 
(7) General Discussion of the Experimental Results. 
The dependence of diamagnetic property on crystallization readily follows as 
a result of the production of homogeneously close-packed assemblages of atomic spheres 
of influence.! The difference of structure of the crystalline and amorphous states of 
a substance is due to the distribution of the restraining forces acting on the molecules 
of the crystalline structure, which will necessarily produce a small distortion of each 
molecule ; while in the amorphous or gelatinous structure, the molecules will possess a 
more symmetrical shape on account of the withdrawal of the restraining forces. This 
deformation effect in every molecule of the crystalline structure is in accordance with 
the hypothesis stated at the beginning of this communication—a deformation of the 
atom presumably producing a modification of the internal structure which will in turn 
modify the diamagnetic property. In Part II., an attempt will be made to interpret 
this change of diamagnetism in terms of the change of self induction of the electron 
orbits contained in the atom. The inappreciable deformation of the molecules when 
* ‘ Ann. de Chim. et de Phys.,’ VIII., vol. 25, p. 375, 1912. 
t Barlow and Pope, ‘Trans. Chem. Soc.,’ vol. LXXXIX., p. 1675, 1906. 
s 2 
