288 DE. TEMPEST ANDEESON ON THE EEUPTIONS OF THE SOUFEIEEE IN 
sheets of them are common (Plate 23, fig. 2), and generally it may be said that 
vegetation is luxuriant up to a. height of about 1000 feet, abundant up to 1500, and 
very sparse above that height, with only a few grasses and silver ferns; higher up 
nothing but mosses and lichens are found. 
At the lower lip of the crater and just inside it mosses and lichens only are found. 
The mosses have been identified at Kew as : Pogonatum tortile, P. Beauy., and 
Philonotis tenella, Jaeg., and the lichen as Stereocaulon sp. 
On the higher slopes of the Carib country vegetation is much the same as on the 
leeward slopes at about the same elevation. 
The coast north of Morne Bonde and Larikai Point was only examined from a canoe, 
hut on this side of the mountain vegetation appeared to be returning in a manner 
similar to that on the more accessible parts. Most of the plants were the same as at 
Richmond and Wallibu, and the Trumpet Tree ( Cecropia peltata) and Bois Flot 
(Ochroma lagopus) were also noticed.* 
The History of Eruptions after May, 1902. 
The Eruption of September 3 and 4, 1902.—Through the courtesy of His Honour 
C. J. Cameron, Administrator of St. Vincent, and Sir Daniel Morris, of the 
Imperial Agricultural Department, and other officials, I have been allowed access to 
reports by Mr. Powell, of the Botanical Gardens, St. Vincent; Professor Radcliffe 
Hall, Professor Longfield Smith, and Mr. Allan, the Revenue Officer of Chateau 
Belair. The Rev. T. Huckerby, of Chateau Belair, Mr. Macdonald, and the Rev. 
Jas. Darrell have also furnished notes. From these sources the following account 
is condensed. 
After the eruptions of May, 1902, the crater remained quiescent, but earthquakes 
were noticed at the Botanical Gardens on July 17th and 21st, and by the Rev. T. 
Huckerby at Chateau Belair on the 9th, 19th, 20th, 23rd, 30th, and 31st of the 
same month. The shock of the 17th occurred at 9.45 a.m., as noted by Mr. Powell, 
and was preceded by a noise rather like a bomb exploding. The movement was up 
and down, and the duration about six or eight seconds ; that of the 21st took place 
at 1.10 a.m. The movement was from north to south, and the duration also six or 
eight seconds, f 
A party who visited the Soufriere on the 12th of August saw small openings 
(fumaroles) on the lip of the crater from which steam and small pebbles escaped.^ 
On September 3, from 6 a.m., a series of explosions commenced, which increased 
in violence as the day wore on, and at 9 p.m. the detonations became very loud. The 
* The return of vegetation on Krakatoa presents many points of similarity. ‘Treub. Annal. Jard. 
Botan. Beutenjorg,’ 7, 1887-8. 
t Mr. Powell’s Eeport, September 12, 1902. 
\ ‘ Sentry,’ August —, 1902. —Some of the newspaper cuttings do not retain the date of issue. 
