GROWING WEALTH OF AFRrCA 
96 
his death, in 1873. His most important explorations on this occa¬ 
sion were west and southwest from Tanganyika, including the dis¬ 
covery of Lakes Bangweolo and Moero, and part of the upper 
course of the river Congo. For over two years he was lost to the 
knowledge of Europe, till met with by H. M. Stanley, at Tangan¬ 
yika, in 1871. 
Gerhard Rohlfs, in a succession of journeys, from 1861 to 
1874, has traversed the Sahara in various directions, and has 
crossed the continent entirely from Tripoli to Lagos by way of 
Murzuk Bornu, etc. 
In 1873-75 Lieutenant Cameron, who had been sent in search 
of Livingstone, surveyed Lake Tanganyika, explored the country 
to the west of it, then traveling to the southwest, finally reached 
Benguela on the Atlantic coast. 
LIVINGSTONE’S BRILLIANT WORK. 
In 1853-56 Livingstone made an important series of explora¬ 
tions. He first went northwest, tracing part of the Upper Zambesi, 
and reached St. Paul de Loanda, on the west coast, in 1854. On 
his return journey he followed pretty nearly the same route till he 
reached the Zambesi, and, proceeding down the river and visiting 
its falls, called by him the Victoria Falls, he arrived at Quilimane 
at its mouth, thus crossing the continent from sea to sea. 
In 1858 he resumed his exploration of the Zambesi regions, 
and in various journeys visited Lakes Shirwa and Nyassa, sailed 
up the Shire to the latter lake, and established general features of 
the geography of this part of Africa, returning to England in 
1864. 
In 1874-77 Stanley surveyed Lakes Victoria, Nianza and 
Tanganyika, and explored the intervening country, then going west¬ 
ward to where Livingstone had struck the Congo, he followed the 
river down to its mouth, thus finally settling its course and com¬ 
pleting a remarkable and valuable series of explorations. In 1879 
Serpa Pinto completed a journey across the continent from Ben¬ 
guela to Natal, and in 1881-82 Wissman and Pogge crossed it 
again from St. Paul de Loanda to Zanzibar, 
