116 THE ORIGIN OF THE ROOSEVELT EXPEDITION. 
and the plant life of course is tropical. Commercial access has been 
opened by treaty with the native chiefs from the coast to Albert 
Nyanza, and the Soneoli chiefs. The Imperial British East African 
Company acquired the right to administer the coast from the Umba 
to Kipini for 50 years, paying an annual sum to the Sultan for the 
concession. 
In 1889 the company further secured in the same way the 
ports and islands north of the Tana, the chief ones being Eamu, 
Manda and Patta. The company, by arrangement with the British 
government, has now retired from the territory. 
There are only 390 Europeans in the possession where Col. 
Roosevelt hunted. The principal exports are ivory, India rubber, 
cattle, goats, copra, gumcopal, hides and horns. The imports are 
Manchester goods, Bombay cloth wire, provisions, etc, 
Mombasa is the principal port, and the trade is chiefly in the 
hands of Banians. The table lands have good pasturage and are 
well adapted to stock raising. Sheep and cattle are raised to a con¬ 
siderable extent. 
SUDAN IS DIVIDED AMONG MANY STATES. 
Sudan is the Arab name given to the vast extent of country in 
Central Africa which lies between the Sahara on the north, Abys¬ 
sinia and the Red Sea on the east, the countries draining to the 
Kongo Basin on the south, and Senegambia on the west. Its area 
is estimated at 2,000,000 square miles, and its population at from 
7,000,000 or 8,000,000 to 30,000,000. Col. Roosevelt's expedition 
here and along the Congo and the Nile are related in another chapter. 
The inhabitants comprise numerous nations of different races, 
chiefly the Negro, together with Arab colonists and traders. The 
Western and Central States are divided into a number of inde¬ 
pendent and semi-independent states: Bambarra, Gando, Sokoto, 
Adamawa, Bornu, Baghirmi, Wadai, and others. The eastern 
Sudan includes Darfur, Kordofan, Senaar, etc. 
Egyptian rule was first extended to the Eastern Sudan in the 
early part of the nineteenth century by Mohammed Ali, under whom 
Ibrahim Pasha carried it as far south as Kordofan and Senaar. 
