140 
IMPROVED PUMPS FOR CISTERNS, OR WELLS.-—THE CAST-IRON PLOW, ETC. 
IMPROVED PUMPS FOR CISTERNS, OR WELLS. 
These pumps, which are constructed entirely of 
metal, are 2\ inches in diameter within the cylin¬ 
der, double-acting, and drawing water both at the 
upward and downward strokes. 
With a 6-inch stroke, it will 
raise from 10 to 15 gallons 
per minute, according to the 
height the water is required to 
be raised. By means of a 
horizontal pipe, leading to a 
distant well, or spring, the 
water can readily be brought 
to the house, or barn yard, 
provided the height between 
the spring and pump does not 
exceed twenty-tive feet. The 
apparatus is so constructed, 
that it can instantly be con¬ 
verted into a force pump, by 
Fig. 31. which the water can be con¬ 
veyed at once to the upper parts of a house. Price 
$25—air barrel and pipe extra. 
Cistern Hand Pump. —This implement,which 
is denoted by fig. 31, is formed of cast iron, and an¬ 
swers an excellent purpose for raising water from 
a cistern, or elsewhere, from a depth of thirty-two 
feet. It wmrks well with a 1^-inch pipe, made 
of lead, copper, tin, or wood. Price $4.50—pipe 
extra. 
SPRING BUDDING. 
Tiie operation of budding fruit trees and shrubs 
may be performed as well in the spring as in sum¬ 
mer—a fact of some importance, particularly when 
applied to the peach, the walnut, and other trees 
that cannot be grafted with success. Hence, it is 
obvious, that, by budding them in the spring, a year 
will be gained in their growth. 
The buds intended to be employed for this pur¬ 
pose, should be preserved like grafts, in a cool, 
moist place, on slips, or cuttings taken from the tree 
a few weeks before the natural period of unfolding 
its leaves. As soon as the trees are so far advan¬ 
ced that the bark will separate freely from the wood, 
the buds may be cut out of the slips and inserted 
agreeably to the directions given at' p. 208, of our 
third volume. 
FIRE-PROOF IRON SAFES. 
Fig. 32. 
These almost indispensable safeguards to every 
man of business, are made of various sizes, and 
will afford security for valuable papers, money, 
plate, jewels, &c., not only against fire, but when 
properly constructed, are proof against any ordinary 
attempt at robbery. Prices from $12 to $500, 
THE CAST-IRON PLOW. 
It is not often that a more unjust claim is made 
upon Congress, than that of the heirs of Jethro 
Wood, for a law to be passed to extend his patent 
of the cast-iron plow fourteen years longer, for 
their benefit.* By this law the heirs would have 
obtained the privilege of exacting a tax of fifty 
cents, on every cast-iron plow made in the United 
States, which would have probably given them 
half a million of dollars annually , all of which 
must have come out of the hard earnings of the 
farmer and planter. Owing to the Senate at 
Washington, not being properly acquainted with the 
facts of the case, a bill extending this patent passed 
it unanimously ; but in the House of Representa¬ 
tives, members paid more attention to the merits of 
the case, and the result was, that a majority of the 
Committee on Patents reported against extending 
Wood’s patent, and their report has been laid 
upon the table, where we trust it will sleep for this 
session. But as the partisans of this measure are 
very active, it behooves the farmers to be on their 
guard ■ and they will do well to forward petitions 
to their Representatives in Congress, praying them 
to oppose the extension of this patent, whenever 
the bill is likely to be called up. 
At page 121 and 132, of our last number, we 
gave as much of the history of the cast-iron plow 
as we could then obtain; showing that others in 
England, and in this country, had preceded Jethro 
Wood many years, in the invention and use of it. 
Since the publication of our articles, Hon. John W. 
Farrelly, Chairman of the Committee of Patents, in 
the House of Representatives, at Washington, has 
made a report against extending the patent of Jethro 
Wood. In this we find a few facts before un¬ 
known to us, which we will state for the benefit of 
our readers. 
Richard B. Chenaworth, of Baltimore, Md., in 
1813, madd* the cast-iron plow complete in three 
distinct parts, viz: mould board, land side, and 
share , and then introduced them into use in many 
parts of Maryland and Virginia. We presume it 
was his plow, of which we speak, at page 122, of 
our last number, as having been in use in 
Virginia, as early as 1814, five years before Wood 
took out his patent for the cast-iron share. It 
is said that he (Wood) knew of this plow before 
getting out his patent. 
Richard Nicholas Harrison, obtained a patent on 
the 19th of December, 1818, fora cast-iron plow 
in three distinct parts, the same as Chenaworth’s 
above. 
Wood’s patent, in 1814, was, as we understand, 
merely for elongating the cast-iron share of the old 
“ Bull Plow,” which had been in use in this country 
for many years prior to his touching it. In his 
specification he says, he “claims for casting the 
* Wood and his heirs, have already enjoyed the benefit of this 
patent twenty-eight years; namely, from 1819 to 1847, during 
which time they collected thousands of dollars from the manufac¬ 
turers, for the privilege of making plows with cast-iron shares. 
