170 
APPLE ORCHARBS.-NO. 9, ETC. 
he plows up for corn the following spring ; but 
more generally, they are applied round the corn, 
the second time hoeing ; or they are made into a 
compost, which is certainly the least offensive and 
most economical method. The rotation here, is 
corn, barley, or oats, then wheat, followed by grass 
from five to seven years. Mr. S. gets large crops; 
corn, 50 bushels per acre, on an average; wheat, 
25 bushels; hay, 2 tons. While on his farm, we 
saw many acres of grass just ready to cut, which 
we are confident would turn out 2 to 3 k tons per 
acre. It stood nearly breast high and seemingly as 
thick as it was possible to grow. 
A very fine, sweet, juicy, red-streak apple origi¬ 
nated on this island. We think it a valuable va¬ 
riety, and our nurserymen would do well to culti¬ 
vate it. It is particularly well relished by swine, 
and fattens them very rapidly. It is sometimes 
called the “ Hog Sweeting,” but this is really too 
vulgar a name ; we, therefore, recommend that of 
the “ Syosset,” the Indian name for Oyster Bay, 
or call it the Ludlum Sweeting, or Ludlum Red- 
streak. 
Wm. S. McCoun, Esq., has recently left the prac¬ 
tice of law, in this city, and settled as a farmer, on 
Oyster Bay. He has built him a charming Gothic cot¬ 
tage, in a quiet little valley, and surrounded it with 
pretty grounds, an ample garden, and commodious 
out-buildings. He follows the usual rotation, but 
pays more attention to corn, of which he has raised 
some excellent crops. He is gradually getting his 
farm into a high state of cultivation, and is an ex¬ 
cellent example to his neighbors—spirited, at the 
same time very judicious in his outlays and im¬ 
provements We are under many obligations to 
him for his kind attention, while on the island. 
A short distance from him, is the country resi¬ 
dence of Judge McCoun. It is a fine old place, and 
commands a beautiful prospect of the bay and sur¬ 
rounding country. 
Cultivation of Grapes .—Judge Concklin, of Cold 
Spring, has planted about three acres with the Isa¬ 
bella and Catawba grape. The ground is terraced, 
and the vines trained on horizontal bars, fasten 
d to upright posts. His vineyard usually bears 
well, and he is now extending it. The Judge not 
Deing at home, we lost the opportunity of obtaining 
more particular information regarding his success 
in growing this delicious fruit. 
Ai Cold Spring Harbor, we called on Mr. David 
W. Jones. He has a good farm, beautifully sit¬ 
uated, and commanding a fine water prospect. He 
paid great attention to stock, formerly, and still 
has some, fine animals left. His Durham cow, 
JSylph, is a choice animal and an excellent milker. 
He possesses several others, also, and a few blood 
horses. We regret to say, that we had not time to 
linger longer and obtain more particulars of Mr. 
J.’s farming operations. 
Mr. John H. Jones, has a splendid farm of 500 
acres, farther up the harbor. This is under a high 
state of cultivation. Hay, corn, and wheat are his 
principal products. Aside ffom farming, Mr. 
Jones is extensively engaged in merchandise, the 
^manufacture of woollen cloths, .ship building, whal¬ 
ing &,e., all which multifarious operations, he super- 
ia«snds personally. He is one of The most active 
men on the island; and we are happy to add, has 
been highly successful in nearly everything in 
which he has been engaged. 
PHILOSOPHY OF THE ROTATION OF CROPS. 
On this subject, there are two theories:—1. 
That, while the continuous cultivation of any one 
crop on the same land deprives the soil of the spe¬ 
cific nourishment essential to its growth and per¬ 
fection, another plant, requiring food of a different 
character, may be substituted therefor. 2. Of the 
nutriment which vegetables imbibe and digest, they 
exude an inconsumable, or innutritive portion of 
their roots. Tnis excrementitious matter, in many 
plants, is supposed to poison or render the soil un¬ 
fit for a second crop of the same kind, until it is 
either consumed, or neutralized, by cultivation. 
Hence, the reason why it is often so difficult to ob¬ 
tain a good yield of the same kind of crop on land 
for three or more consecutive years. 
In corroboration of the latter theory, it is stated 
that the turnip and some other root crops, from the 
great development of their broad, gas-collecting 
leaves, are comparatively independent of the soil 
for their nourishment; and that they possess the 
property of adding to, rather than taking from, the 
quantity of vegetable matter in the soil, even when 
entirely removed ; for land has been found after 
several years’ cropping with turnips, all the produce 
having been carried off, absolutely richer in or¬ 
ganic matter than at first, the plant having return¬ 
ed to the soil more than it had taken from it. On 
the contrary, however, the onion and the musk- 
melon, have been known to be cultivated annually, 
on the same ground for many years in succession, 
apparently without any signs of deterioration. 
APPLE ORCHARDS.—NO. 9. 
Apples often fall off prematurely from being 
eaten by the lame of a beautiful little insect, called 
the apple-worm moth ( Carpoeapsa pomonella ). - 
The habits and economy of this mischievous little 
pest have been satisfactorily pointed out by a wri¬ 
ter in the London “ Entomological Magazine,” and 
a good account of it is also given by Dr. Harris, in 
his “ Report on the Insects of Massachusetts In¬ 
jurious to Vegetation,” p. 353. The larvas of this 
insect leave their chrysalides from the middle of 
June to the first of July, or at the time the young 
apples become well set. The moth now Jays her 
eggs in the eye of the apple, one only in each, by 
introducing its long ovipositor between the leaves 
of the calyx, which form a tent above it, that effect¬ 
ually shields it from the inclemency of the weather, 
or other casualties. 
“As soon as the egg hatches,” says the writer 
above referred to, “ the little grub gnaws a hole in 
the crown of the apple, and soon buries itself in 
its substance ; and it is worthy of remark that the 
rind of the apple, as if to afford every facility to 
the destroyer, is thinner here than in any other 
part, and, consequently, more easily pierced. 
* * * The grub, controlled by an unvarying 
instinct, eats into the apple obliquely downwards, 
and, by thus avoiding the core and pips, in no way 
hinders its growth. At first, it makes but slow 
progress, being little bigger than a thread; but. 
