CONSTRUCTION OF FARM COTTAGES. 
183 
eggs and larvae of the proper age, about three days 
old, and fixed it in one of my principal hives. I then 
removed one of the hives which had an outlaying, 
or rather, an outhanging mass attached to its 
alighting board, instantly clapping down in its 
place, on the same board of the hive already pre- 
ared; then with a brush, I swept these bees off 
y the new hive, and all that I could get out of it. 
Next, I removed the old hive some distance from 
where it stood, and with the help of a hot sun, 
forced them to enter. They made a tremendous 
noise, and seemed much disconcerted at finding, in¬ 
stead of the rich combs with which they had hith¬ 
erto been familiar, nothing but an empty hive. This 
agitation was kept up all day by the continued ar¬ 
rival of those bees which had been abroad when 
the substitution took place, adding greatly to the 
increase of the stock. At noon, the next day, I 
inspected the new establishment, and found, to my 
great satisfaction, that the experiment had com¬ 
pletely succeeded. The foundations of six royal 
cells had been laid in the small piece of brood comb 
I had given them 5 in due time, the queen was 
hatched ; the hive prospered, and I sold it for $25. 
At the end of the season, the hive was as good as 
any of my natural swarms. 
Another experiment in forming artificial swarms, 
and the one I generally practise, is to drive about 
two thirds of the bees out of the old hive with 
their queen, into one that is empty. Then, I im¬ 
mediately replace the old hive on its former sta¬ 
tion, and remove the new one containing the 
queen, to a little distance. As the former will have 
a plenty of eggs and young brood, there will be no 
trouble in procuring another queen. 
Of the experiment I am now about to detail, the 
sole object was to prove the existence of the power 
inherent in bees of rearing an artificial queen, when 
deprived, by any accident, of their original mother. 
This, indeed, had been proved before: but only in¬ 
cidentally, and I was anxious to put the matter be¬ 
yond all doubt in my own mind, at least, by an ex- 
eriment instituted exclusively for that object, to 
e conducted with minute and scrupulous accuracy. 
In June, my observatory hive was full of bees, 
brood, and honey. The queen was very fertile and 
laying at the rate of about 100 eggs a day. I open¬ 
ed the hive and took her out, as 1 could see every 
bee within, and every cell in the comb. For about 
two hours, the bees continued their labors as ear¬ 
nestly and contentedly as if she were still with 
them. At the end of that time, they became aware 
of their loss, and all was instantly agitation and 
tumult. The bees hurried backwards and forwards 
over the comb, with a loud noise ; they rushed in 
crowds to the door and out of the hive, as if going 
to swarm; and, in short, they exhibited all the 
symptoms of bereavement and despair. When 
night came on, they all went into their hive, and 
peace and tranquillity appeared to follow. Next 
morning, I observed they had laid the foundations 
of seven royal cells, having demolished the three 
cells contiguous to each of those containing eggs, 
or worms, which suited their purpose ; and by the 
next morning, there were visible rudiments of five 
more royal cells, all in quarters of the comb where 
before there were nothing but eggs and common 
larvae, of one or two days old. The bees paid all 
attention to these royal cells, as the operation ad¬ 
vanced. On the seventh day, the first seven cells 
were sealed, and on the following day the other 
five. On the morning of the fourteenth day, from 
the removal of the old queen, seven young queens 
emerged from their cells, strong and active, and ex¬ 
actly resembling those produced in the usual 
way; and on the next morning, I had the other 
five come forth, equally active and strong. I 
watched the hive with all diligence, opened the 
door, and took out the queens as fast as they emerg¬ 
ed from their cells, keeping them for the purpose of 
making artificial swarms. Some of them escaped 
my notice, after which I found them lifeless on the 
ground in front of the hive. 
Edward Townley. 
New York , May 1 s£, 1848. 
CONSTRUCTION OF FARM COTTAGES. 
It has been justly remarked, that, a traveller, in 
passing through a strange, but civilized country, 
might form a correct judgment respecting the social 
condition of its rural inhabitants by observing at¬ 
tentively the state, character, and general appear¬ 
ance of their dwellings; and that, a clean, fresh, 
and well-ordered house exercises over its inmates a 
moral no less than a physical influence, and has a 
direct tendency to make the members of the family 
sober, peaceable, and considerate of the feelings 
and happiness of each other. Nor is it difficult to 
trace a connexion between habitual feelings of 
this sort, and the formation of habits of respect for 
propriety, for laws in general, and even for those 
higher duties and obligations, the observance of 
which no laws can enforce; whereas, a filthy, 
squalid, unwholesome dwelling, in which none of 
the decencies common to society, even in the low¬ 
est state of civilization, are known to exist, tends di¬ 
rectly to make every dweller in such a hovel, re¬ 
gardless of the feelings and happiness of each 
other, selfish, and sensual; and the connexion is 
obvious between the constant indulgence of appe¬ 
tites and passions of this class, and the formation 
of habits of idleness, dishonesty, and even of crimes 
of higher degrees. 
Thus, in travelling over the wide domain of the 
inhabited parts of the United States, one can judge, 
in a measure, of the character of the people by 
what is written in the expression of their dwell¬ 
ings. On leaving any of the Atlantic cities and 
progressing inland, he first passes through the mot¬ 
ley and sometimes squalid suburbs, which chiefly 
owe their existence to the late unparalleled pros¬ 
perity of commerce, the progress of manufactures, 
and their two indispensable concomitants—internal 
improvements and foreign immigration. Here, we 
may see cottages of every grade, color, and finish, 
which fancy, caprice, or carelessness might devise, 
with now and then, at the interval of a few miles, 
a stately mansion, in imitation of some purse-proud 
lord; or, on the brow of yon eminence, there may 
be seen a castle-like structure 
“ Embosomed high In tufted trees”— 
reminding him, almost, that he is surrounded 
by the feudal oppressors, who long made sorrowful 
the homes of the Old World. As he advances on¬ 
ward, the road-side cottage, or diversified farm 
