186 
CONSTRUCT .ON OF FARM COTTAGES. 
prefer fireplaces to furnaces, or stoves, can erect a 
chimney at each side of the cottage, extending their 
tops about 16 feet above the eaves. Between the 
dining room and kitchen, there is a chimney de¬ 
signed to communicate with the cooking range and 
stove in those parts of the house. 
This cottage is designed to be entered from the 
front gate through a portico, 6 feet wide, extending 
across the whole width of the house. The entry 
of the kitchen and dining room is also designed to 
be passed into on the easterly side of the back part 
of the building, through a verandah, 3 feet wide. 
The windows are all designed to be of good di- 
nensions, and protected by wooden blinds. To¬ 
wards the top of each gable end, there is a latticed 
window for ventilation, which may be closed at 
pleasure in stormy weather. 
Under the entire floor of the main body of the 
house, a cellar is intended, with walls and arches 
laid in cement, to be entered by stairs from the 
dining room, and by a 6-foot door way, on th< east¬ 
erly side, from without. Beneath the kitchen, there 
is also another cellar, designed for storing wood, or 
coal, entered from the kitchen through a trap door, 
and likewise by a passage, on the easterly side, 
from out-doors. If circumstances require it, a 
dairy, or milk cellar, may also be constructed under 
the dining room, and lighted, or ventilated, by win¬ 
dows at each side of the house. 
The whole building is designed to be protected 
from lightning by a half-inch copper rod, 48 feet in 
length, erected at the gable end near the back par¬ 
lor window, and secured in its place by means of 
wooden props, extending from the roofs. 
PLAN OF THE ATTIC. 
A, A, fig. 50, denote two front bed rooms. 12 by 
14 feet, entered independently of one another, from 
a lobby, 6 feet wide. 
B, B, two back bed rooms, 10 by 14 feet, enter¬ 
ed, also, independently of each other from the lobby 
at the head of the front stairs. 
G, a back garret, communicating with the front 
part of the attic by a door at the steps S, and serves 
as a passage way to the kitchen and verandah, by 
the back stairs. 
S, S, S, denote stair ways, or steps. 
c, the chimney of the dining room and kitchen. 
/, the stove funnel, communicating with the 
rooms below. 
Between the wall plates and the bed rooms, spa¬ 
ces are left 3 or 4 feet wide, which may be found 
convenient for storage, &c. 
PLAN OF THE GROUND FLOOR. 
H, fig. 51, denotes the front lobby, or hall, 7 
feet wide, including the front stairs. 
P, a double parlor, 14 by 28 feet, with folding 
doors, communicating with the front lobby, or hall. 
Either, or both of these parlors might be used as 
sleeping apartments, should circumstances require. 
L, a room, communicating with the front lobby, 
or hall, 11 by 12 feet, with a closet 4 feet square, 
and may be used for a library, office, living roc;u, 
or nursery, according to the taste or wants of the 
occupant. 
B, a bed room, designed for the head of the fam¬ 
ily, 11 by 12 feet, with a closet'4 feet square, and 
communicating with the library and dining room. 
D, the dining room, 14 by 20 feet, communica¬ 
ting with the front lobby, H; the back entry, E, 
and the cellar at S. 
K, the kitchen, 12 by 20 feet, communicating 
with the dining room by the back entry E, and a 
sliding window in the pantry C • with the wood 
cellar at d; and the back yard, by the steps S. 
E, the back entry, 4 by 4 feet, communicating 
with the verandah, kitchen, dining room, and the 
back-garret stairs. 
V, the vault, 5 by 6 feet, communicating with 
the verandah by a passage under cover, 3 feet 
wide. 
C, C, C, closet, or pantries. 
S, S, S, 8, stair ways, or steps. 
c, kitchen and dining-room chimney. 
d , trap door, covering the wood-cellar stairs. 
I , the lightning conductor. 
The reader will bear in mind, that the dimensions 
of a house, built on the foregoing plan, may vary 
in size, or may be constructed of bricks or stone, as 
may best suit the taste, ability, and wants of the 
occupant; but the position, in regard to the sun, 
and the general arrangement, may be the same. A 
dwelling of this kind, let it be remembered, is not 
designed for a city, or village, where the buildings 
are prescribed in their limits, the architectural style 
of which, in order to break the monotony often ob¬ 
servable in our larger towns, should be displayed in 
single and double cottages, neat and appropriate 
out-buildings, factories, churches, and other public 
structures. 
For the guidance of those who have not given 
much thought to the subject, the following brief, 
though incomplete maxims on the construction of 
farm cottages, are offered, with a view of showing 
how far this important branch of rural economy has 
been neglected, or abused, in this country, and of 
calling out taste and talent for future improvement, 
or correction: — 
1 . It is recommended, that the diagonal line of 
the ground plan of a farm house be always in the 
direction of north and south, so that each of the 
four sides of the building may have, in the course 
of the day, the benefit of sunshine and shade. 
2 . It is preferable, that the gable end should pre¬ 
sent itself towards a public road, rather than the 
sides ; but the position with regard to the sun 
should not be sacrificed for this. A detached cot¬ 
tage, thus located, may be advantageously seen at 
a considerable distance, perhaps, from every direc¬ 
tion, offering a more pleasing appearance to the 
traveller as he passes along. 
3 . A cottage raised on a platform, or terrace, is 
more cheerful-looking than one, the floor of which, 
is on, or below, the level of the highway. 
4 . The grounds surrounding a farm house may 
be ornamented in various ways by means of trees, 
flowers, and shrubs, giving a beautiful effect to the 
landscape, and contributing, also, to the health and 
comfort of live stock. For instance, a sheep walk, 
or pasture, situated by the side of a farmery, may 
be so planted with scattered groups of oaks, maples, 
locusts, or elms, and clumps of cedars, hemlocks, 
and pines, as to present all the beauties of the lawn, 
and, at the same time, afford protection to the ani¬ 
mals by shelter and shade. By intermingling fruit 
trees, flowers, and comely shrubs about the garden 
