236 
REMARKABLE COWS, ETC. 
and salaeratus), are doubtless employed, in bread¬ 
making, not only to destroy the sourness in the 
flour, or dough, but, in some cases, for the purpose 
of bringing the bread into such a condition that it 
will retain moisture for a considerable time ; which 
is, to the baker, a great advantage. The use of these 
salts has no injurious effects on the bread ; yet, if 
added with fraudalent intent, it cannot be regarded 
otherwise than wrong. 
Common bar soap is sometimes added, to pro¬ 
duce lightness and porosity in bread, as well as to 
make it short and brittle. This is a filthy fraud, 
the perpetrators of which should be severely pun¬ 
ished. 
VISIT TO MR. CUMINGS’ GARDEN, 
WILLI AMSBURGIi. 
We lately very pleasantly passed an hour or 
two in :ne garden of Mr. A. P. Cumings, at Wil- 
liamsburgh, Long Island, near this city, some ac¬ 
count of which'may not prove uninteresting to 
many of our readers. Mr. C.’s grounds, exclusive 
of those occupied by his mansion, conservatories, 
out-buildings, &c., embrace nearly three fourths of 
an acre, having been reclaimed almost from a state 
of nature within the last five years. At the pre¬ 
sent time, this garden is a complete mass of ver¬ 
dure, flowers, and fruits, many of which are very 
choice, or rare, and are natives of the most distant 
parts of the globe. 
Besides an abundance of culinary vegetables, in 
common use, and the smaller gardemfruits, we no¬ 
ticed some forty varieties of the pear, most of which 
had been grafted on quince stocks, and are in per¬ 
fect bearing ; several varieties of the cherry, in¬ 
cluding the black Tartarian, one of which produced, 
last year, thirty pounds of fruit; quite a number of 
grape vines, in full bearing, comprising the Isabella, 
Catawba, and Elsanborough, among the natives, 
and eight or ten foreign ones under glass; several 
varieties of the quince, among which are the Japan, 
Portugal, and Van Mons; and a goodly display of 
the apple, peach, apricot, nectarine, plum, fig, 
orange, lemon, &c. 
Among the ornamental trees and shrubs may be 
found ten or twelve varieties of the magnolia, the 
European holly, the copper-leaved beech, the Irish 
yew, the weeping ash, Paulownia imperialis, aza- 
lias, acacias, camellias, three species of araucaria, 
the India-rubber tree, spruce and fir trees, and nu¬ 
merous others. 
Among the choice flowers and conservatory 
plants, may be seen about eighty varieties of cacti, 
four species of melastoma, four species of aristolo- 
'hia, among which is the famous variety from 
.Brazil, b 'sides a fine assortment of dahlias, hydran¬ 
geas, cakeolarias, pelargoniums, pseonias, gera¬ 
niums, &c., &c. In short, the collection of exotics 
embraces a more choice and extensive variety than 
any other private establishment of the kind, in or 
around New York. 
There are several features in regard to Mr. Curs¬ 
ings’ garden, which are particularly worthy of the 
consideration of those who have been deterred from 
forming similar collections, thinking that it would 
be attended with an unwarrantable expense, and 
Would require so long a period to bring the fruit 
trees into bearing, that they would not live to enjoy 
them Although Mr. Cumings’ establishment has 
been in existence only about five years, he already 
raises more than fruit enough for his family con¬ 
sumption, with a prospect of an annual increase 
for years to come. Notwithstanding his green¬ 
house collection, and ornamental plants are, per¬ 
haps, inferior to none about the city, they have 
been obtained at a comparatively low cost. The 
specimens, when first purchased, were quite small: 
but, being vigorous and healthy, and having had 
good attention paid to them, they have grown ra¬ 
pidly, and have furnished the means of propagating 
many others of the same kind. Thus it is, that 
Mr. Cumings, in the course of a very few years, 
has been enabled to present so large and so fine a 
collection at so small a cost. 
As an appendage to Mr. Cumings’ garden, we 
found quite an aviary of fancy barn-door fowls, 
ducks, and pigeons; also some very large lop- 
eared French rabbits. But the most extraordinary 
thing, in the way of animals, was a grade Durham 
cow, of a rich strawberry roan color, and nearly 
all the other characteristics of a thorough-bred. 
She is of medium size; very fine in her limbs ; 
with a thick, deep carcass ; keeps as easily and as 
fat as a pig; and often has given from 25 to 28 
quarts of milk, of the best quality, per day. So 
many good points united in a cow are rarely found ; 
and we think when they are, they make an animal 
invaluable. It is a pity that every calf from such 
cows, 'whether male or female, could not be saved 
for breeders. In this way, good stock would soon 
be made much more common than it now is 
throughout the country. 
REMARKABLE COWS 
The most remarkable cow of which we have 
any account, for the production of butter, is the 
“ Cramp cow,” so called, owned by a man of the 
name of Cramp, in Lewes, England ; she was of 
the Sussex breed, and was calved in 1799. For 
five years, from 1805 to 1810, the butter produced 
from her milk, was from 450 to 675 pounds per 
year ; the latter quantity was afforded in fifty-one 
weeks and four days, from April 6th, 1807, to April 
4th, 1808. The greatest quantity of butter she af¬ 
forded in any one week, was 18 pounds; and the 
greatest quantity of milk given in any one day, was 
20 quarts. 
The next most remarkable cow in this respect, 
was the “ Oaks cow,” of Massachusetts; nothing 
was known of her blood—she was bought out of 
a drove when she was young. CaM) Oaks, of 
Danvers, Mass., owned her while the greatest quan¬ 
tity of butter w'as made from her. In 1813, she 
made 180 pounds, in 1814, 300, in 1815, 400, and 
in 1816,484J pounds. The greatest quantity of 
butter mad’e in any one week, was 19 J pounds, and 
the greatest quantity of milk she gave in any one 
day, was 18 quarts. Mr. Josiah Quincy, sen., 
bought her after this trial by Mr. Oaks, but she 
never afforded so large a yield of butter after she 
passed into Mr. Q.’s hands, though she gave 16 
pounds per week, and her milk was of such extra¬ 
ordinary richness, that five quarts of it frequently 
afforded a pound of butter.— Transactions. 
