APPLE ORCHARDS. 
from the atmosphere of the preserving room imme¬ 
diately after fresh articles have been put in. 
g, waste pipe to conduct the water from the ice 
floor d, which has a bend retaining sufficient water 
to prevent the warm air from passing into the ice¬ 
house 7 . 
h , gutter and pipe, bent as pipe g, to carry off 
the water from dropping boards /. 
i, i, gutters in the tin floor over the air cham¬ 
bers, by which they are always kept cool. 
7 , ice on metal floor d, d, and non-conducting 
sides b , 6, to be well ventilated from the top. 
k, outside door of entrance. 
Z, trap door to cover the well entrance. 
m, double air-tight partition, or well entrance, 
extending down four feet from trap doorZ. 
Attachment. —n, store room of any size. 
0 , valve to let the warm air from room n, pass to 
the ice floor d. 
p, valve to admit the cool air from preserving 
room e. Both valves must be open at the same time. 
5 , wall of store room. 
r, a space filled with saw dust, or chaff, as in 
b, b , in the main building. 
Z, m, k , entrance of store room as in the main 
building. 
Farmers , with one of these preserving houses, 
can, at all times, have on hand a general assortment 
of fresh meats, which will keep during a long time 
in a perfectly sweet state, as the temperature does 
not vary with that of the atmosphere outside. 
Likewise, when butter, eggs, &c., are at a low 
price, they will keep them safe until the prices ad¬ 
vance. Sweet cider can also be kept as long as 
desired, without fermenting, as well as vegetables 
without danger of sprouting. If they nave no 
good spring house, a part of the preserving room 
can be partitioned off, as an excellent substitute. 
Chandlers , by this invention, can, in the hottest 
summer day, manufacture their mould candles in a 
winter temperature, into which they can slide their 
frames at pleasure. 
The inventor, having constructed one of these 
refrigerators for his own use, in Philadelphia, was 
induced to take meat on storage, from the butchers 
in the neighboring market. The meat was brought 
heated from the stalls, and put into the room, and 
the next morning handed out perfectly fresh, cool, 
and in good condition. A good business could be 
made of this, and butchers themselves would find 
advantage, in the erection of such buildings. 
To those who cure meat in the summer, this plan 
must be peculiarly useful, and far superior to the 
old mode of sinking casks in ice. It is more uni¬ 
form in temperature, not liable to accident, more 
convenient, and is also admirably adapted for the 
storage of cured meat. 
To dairymen , who have heavy cheese and but¬ 
ter dairies, it would be particularly advantageous 
by enabling them to keep their goods safe, till they 
are ready to send them to market. 
Where milk is kept on sale, as in the city 
of New York, the churns can be put into the 
cold room, and a stock can always be kept on 
hand 3 or if too much has been received, it can be 
safely kept until wanted. 
By grocers and provision dealers a refrige¬ 
rator on this principle, on a small scale can be erect¬ 
ed in any convenient place, in their store, or cel¬ 
lar, and be so arranged, that, with a small supply 
of ice daily, their fresh meats, lard, butter, eggs, 
milk, cheese, fruit, &c., can be preserved sweet, 
and free from flies. 
To the proprietors of hotels , this invention and 
improvement in the use of ice, is peculiarly adapt¬ 
ed. It can be erected in any part of the establish¬ 
ment, and perishable articles can be purchased in 
larger quantities, and consequently, at a lower 
rate, without risk of their spoiling, and also be pre¬ 
pared for any emergency, such as unusually large 
arrivals of travellers. Thomas B. Smith. 
Philadelphia , October, 1848. 
APPLE ORCHARDS. 
We are glad to notice at length, that we are get¬ 
ting a right class of men hold of our apple orchards. 
The subject is becoming reduced to a science 3 and 
a man who does not make his trees grow rapidly 
and produce abundantly, may possibly pass for a 
worthy, honest man, if not otherwise disqualified 
for the title, but he must be put down as a great 
ignoramus, and a most, negligent, slovenly mana¬ 
ger, so far at least, as the subject of fruit is con¬ 
cerned. 
People who pay attention to their fruit trees are 
sure to make them bear. We have a glorious fruit 
soil and climate, the best on the face of the globe, 
and we ought to produce it in such quantities, that 
every household should be profusely supplied with 
the choicest varieties throughout the year. The 
best may be as easily raised as the worst, as the trees 
of such are not unfrequently the greatest bearers. 
Shrewd men, who raise fruit for sale, now gene¬ 
rally select one, two, or at most three or four kinds, 
which are of standard demand in market, good 
yielders, and proved to grow in perfection where 
cultivated, and confine themselves entirely to these. 
They see that they are properly set out, properly 
manured, the land properly cultivated among them, 
properly trimmed, and properly managed in every 
particular, and they are sure to find an abundant 
supply of choice fruit on their trees in the autumn. 
A gentleman within our knowledge, has a small 
orchard on the Hudson River, of less than seven 
acres, which produces from $500 to $750 worth of 
apples annually. This is not one year of plenty 
and another or two of famine, but is a steady, reg¬ 
ular average yield. This man does not have, what 
we hear often called by haphazard farmers bearing 
years , or rather he has no other. And all this is 
secured by the simplest process, viz : good manage¬ 
ment. He scrapes the trunks of his trees every 
year, and immediately and before the insects and 
their larvae can find a hiding place when thus expo¬ 
sed. He gives them a thorough drenching of wood 
ashes and hot water, as thick as can be made to 
run freely from a whitewash brush. This practice, 
with lime occasionally added about the roots at 
the trunk, with the management we have before 
indicated, gives the satisfactory results we have 
mentioned. After carefully hand-picking his apples, 
he heads them up in barrels, with a few auger 
holes in eack end, which are then thrown upon 
their bilge, or sides, and allowed to remain exposed 
to the weather under the trees, till there is dan¬ 
ger of freezing, when they are housed if not previ¬ 
ously sold. 
