GRASSES, MEADOWS, AND PASTURES.-NO. 2 
77 
is, that plants of the same or allied species axe not 
to be grown in immediate succession, and further¬ 
more, the same rule would imply that similar kinds 
of crops should recur at as distant intervals of the 
course as circumstances will allow. 
As no particular systems of rotation have as yet 
been established in the United States, the fore¬ 
going are offered for the consideration of the culti¬ 
vator, until better ones can be found. It is to be 
understood, however, that they are adapted only to 
strong new soils or to older ones brought into and 
maintained in good tilth by the aid of manures. 
When tobacco, hemp, cotton, or sugar cane is 
to be cultivated, a place should be assigned for it, 
according as it is raised as a green crop, for its fibre, 
or for its seeds. Thus, in the preceding tables, 
cotton or hemp, cultivated for their seeds, may take 
the place of wheat or Indian corn; and tobacco 
may follow either of these by again restoring the 
soil with manure. *B. * 
GRASSES, MEADOWS, AND PASTURES.—No. 2. 
Flat-Stalked Meadow , or Blue Grass, (Poa com- 
pressa,) is an early dwarfish grass, which abounds 
in the middle and northern states. It is tenacious 
of its foothold wherever it intrudes. It possesses 
little merit as hay, but is valuable for pasture, af¬ 
fording as it does, a close covering to the ground, 
and yielding much in a small compass. 
Fig. 14. 
Fig. 15. 
The Annual Meadow Grass } (P. annua,) Fig. 14. 
—This grass flourishes in 
most soils, and in nearly all 
situations. It affords an early 
and nutritive herbage, and is 
relished by all animals. It is 
perpetually flowering, and af¬ 
fords an abundance of rich 
seeds. It is hardy and self- 
propagating and seldom re¬ 
quires to be sown, but springs 
up wherever the ground is un¬ 
cultivated. 
Narrow-Leaved Meadow 
Grass , (P. angustifolia,) Fig. 
15. This is an early pasture 
grass, throwing out a profusion 
tig. 16. 0 f slender leaves. It flowers 
late, and before it has reached this point of its ma¬ 
turity, it is liable to rust, which diminishes its value 
for hay. It is for this reason, as well as its dimin¬ 
utive size, much better adapted to pasture than hay.! 
Red Top, Herds' Grass, Foul Meadow, or Fine 
Bent Grass, (Agrostis vulgaris,) Fig. 16, is a hardy, 
luxuriant grass, loving a very moist soil, and some¬ 
what indifferent as to its texture. The scale of its 
nutritive properties is put down in the Woburn ex 
periments, at a remarkably low rate, being less than 
one fourteenth of the value per acre of Timothy 
in the seed. We think there must be an error in 
this estimate, as it grows luxuriantly under favor¬ 
able circumstances, and is relished by cattle. It is 
seldom cultivated by observing farmers, where the 
better grasses will grow. 
Upright Bent Grass, Herds ’ Grass, or Foul Mea¬ 
dow, (A. stricta,) is similar to the foregoing, and 
by some is deemed only a variety. 
Tall Oat Grass, (Avena elatior,) is an early lux¬ 
uriant grass, growing to the height, sometimes, of 
five feet. It makes good hay, but is better suited 
to pasture. It flourishes in a loam or clay soil. 
The Tall Fescue, (Festuca elatior,) Fig. 17, would 
appear by the Woburn experiments, to yield more 
nutritive matter per acre, when cut in flower or 
seed. This is a native of the United States, and is 
best suited to a rich loam. It is not extensively 
cultivated in this country. 
Meadow Fescue, (F. pratensis,) Fig. 18, likes a 
rich boggy soil, bears well, and produces an early 
grass, much relished by cattle, either green or cured 
as hay. 
Spiked Fescue, (F. loliacea,) Fig. 19, is adapted 
to a rich loam, and produces the best of hay and 
pasture. 
