376 
ANALYSIS OF NEW-JERSEY MARL, ETC. 
are at present in active demand at 42s., while 
American are very unsaleable at 34s. to 36s.; we 
therefore recommend shippers not to refine their 
lard, nor put it up in expensive packages, but to send 
it forward in barrels, or brown-hooped kegs, care¬ 
fully assorting the qualities,, and keeping the leaf 
lard separate. We sold fine leaf lard in barrels, 
last week, at 40s., and fair quality at 38s., either of 
which prices must leave better results than if first 
refined and put into small, expensive packages ; the 
same remarks are in a great measure applicable to 
bladdered, unless very neatly put up, and most 
carefully packed, it is,extremely liable to breakage 
in the transit, and is also a difficult sale here, except 
the quality be very superior. The demand for 
bladdered is in fact giving way to the increased 
inquiry for the English refined in kegs, which are 
now turned out of hand so improved in quality, 
and so neat in package, that they are taken by 
families in preference to bladders. Seventy tons of 
American bladdered lard were bought, three weeks 
since, at 37s., for the sole purpose of re-melting, 
and about twenty tons of inferior at 32s. for chand¬ 
lers’ use. 
Cheese is likely to rule low the coming season. 
The imports last year were so heavy, that it was at 
one time doubtful whether the whole would be got 
through, but on dropping the price to 36s. for fair 
average quality, the consumption took all off. The 
make of English is this year very large, and the 
the prices fully 7s. to 10s. under those of last year. 
American cannot therefore compete except at low 
rates. We look for a range of prices from 34s. to 
40s. for the general run, at which the consumption, 
we expect, would be equal to any reasonable 
supply. 
Smut Machine.—Fig. 92. 
The inventor of this machine was awarded a pre¬ 
mium of a gold medal, by the American Institute of 
New York. For particulars concerning its use see 
the advertisement of Messrs. A. B. Allen & Co,, on 
page 383, of the current volume. 
ANALYSIS OF NEW-JERSEY MARL. 
The sample of marl, left with me for analysis, 
from the pit of Mr. John C. Taylor, c Atlantic 
township, Monmouth county, New Jersey is com¬ 
posed of green, pulverulent masses, with dark 
granules scattered throughout. Upon wasning a 
portion of the marl with water, it separatee into 
two distinct masses, one a layer of fine, green- 
tinted, very light earth, and the other a layer of 
darker granules, which appeared quite black while 
moist, and were of a greater specific gravity than 
the greenish earth. The proportions, in 100 parts 
of each, yielded, by washing, were, of 
Black granular matter, . 
. 70 
Fine, green clay, 
30 
100 
This marl, on analysis, yielded the following 
constituents, in 100 parts:— 
Black granules, insoluble in acid, ' 7 
60.25 
Alumina, ...... 
Carbonate of lime, .... 
4.86 
19.70 
Magnesia, ... . . . . 
29 
Potash,. 
3.84 
Chloride sodium, (common salt,) 
1.12 
Sulphate of lime, .... 
44 
Nitrate of potash, .... 
a trace. 
Phosphoric acid, . . . . 
24 
Organic matter, .... . 
1.71 
Water,. 
6.80 
Loss,. 
0.75 
100.00 
The above analysis may be viewed in 1 
this way : 
Matters soluble in water, . 
do. do. weak acid, 
14.90 
24.85 
do. not soluble in either the above, 
60.25 
100.00 
In examining the vegetable matter accurately, 
upon a first trial, I thought I could detect it giving 
off a faint trace of ammonia, but upon a repetition 
of the experiment, I could not obtain any. The green 
color is altogether confined to the fine, marly, clay 
interspersed between the black grains, and appears 
to be partly due to decomposing vegetable matter 
acting on iron salts in the clay, tending to keep 
them continually in the state of proto-salts. This 
green color is driven off by long burning in a cru¬ 
cible, and the igniting mass gives off sulphurous 
odors, arising from the vegetable matter acting on 
the sulphates in the marl. 
The iron is derived from the blackish granules. 
The examination of this portion of the marl occu¬ 
pied a considerable time. At first, I was inclined 
to look upon them as fragments of hornblende de¬ 
tritus, but their constantly rounded and uncrystal¬ 
line appearance forbids the conclusion. On exam¬ 
ining them under a very powerful microscope, I 
satisfied myself fully that they are fossil microscopic 
shells of the brachiopodeus mollusca of the se¬ 
condary period of the chalk formation. In figure, 
they resembled the forms of catillus, plagiostoma, 
ostrea, and terecratula. I picked out some speci¬ 
mens of pecten, and fragments of the Beleinnites 
mucronatus scattered through the mass. _ To dis- 
