50 
VENTILATION. 
Next in rotation, I plant “ Fairbeard’s cham¬ 
pion of England,” which, in quick succession, 
follows the early emperor. It is a profuse 
bearer, producing large and well-flavored fruit, in 
a lengthy and well-filled pod, and is esteemed 
by me, best of all the peas I have cultivated. 
For a later variety, the “ British Queen,” on 
account of its superior size, as well as agreeable 
flavor, is desirable. The vine, however, is 
lengthy and stout, and requires to be well rod- 
ded, or else it is is troublesome. 
“ Carter’s Victoria ” is a good variety, which 
comes in after the champion of England; it 
is good for a succession, but I do not esteem it 
so highly as the British Queen. 
As far as my experience extends, the “ Queen 
of the Dwarfs,” a recent variety, is scarcely 
worthy of cultivation. Its growth is bushy, 
producing its fruit singly and unevenly; and 
however much it may be prized in England, 
where it originated, here, while we have so 
many other varieties better adapted 10 our cli¬ 
mate, I intend, for the future, not to cultivate it. 
On the 10th of August last, I planted the 
Prince Albert, on account of its rapid ad- j 
vancement to maturity for autumn use. In 
the last week of September,the fruit was suita¬ 
ble for the table. The vines were of thrifty ap¬ 
pearance, and were much admired. Next year, 
I purpose planting on the first of August, with: 
the view of having a longer continuance of this 
fine vegetable. If planted too early, however, 
the vine is of slender growth, and both vine 
and pod are liable to mildew; the yield is light, 
the fruit not well flavored, and when grown 
during hot weather, the result is apt to be an 
unsatisfactory crop. 
VENTILATION. 
Of all the faults of farm houses, perhaps the 
want of ventilation is the greatest. One would 
suppose people who live in the constant enjoy¬ 
ment of the free air of the country, would feel 
the necessity of the same kind of atmosphere 
within their dwellings, particularly in their 
lodging rooms. Old-fasliioned farm houses, 
constructed with large open fireplaces, never 
suffered for want of ventilation; the fireplace 
acted as a ventilator, and was always open. 
Modern-built houses are warmed with hot-air j 
furnaces, or close stoves, often heated with coal 
to a red heat, by which a great saving of fuel 
is effected; but it is at the expense of an in¬ 
creased consumption of human life. 
It is a notorious and undeniable fact, that the 
old-times, hardy race of New-England farmers, 
who used to crack nuts and drink cider around 
the old-fashioned mammoth fireplaces, so vividly 
engraven upon our own mind, have passed 
away and left a puny, pale-faced race sitting 
around the stoves of modern-built country 
houses, close-fitting windows, and listed doors, 
shutting out the pure air of heaven, while man 
within, after breathing carbonic acid gas for 
a whole evening, wonders what makes him 
feel so languid and unfitted for the enjoyment 
of social intercourse with his family; but, as 
he is unable to arouse his spirits, he retires 
to rest in a room heated to the same degree, 
and just big enough to contain himself and 
wife, and children, which he closes almost 
as tight as though it were hermetically sealed; 
then buries himself in the soft embrace of a 
feather bed and pillows, and after ten hours of 
thus tempting death rather than rest, “ he won¬ 
ders what on earth makes him feel so poorly of a 
morning.” 
He can read the history of human suffering in 
the black hole of Calcutta, and easily imagine 
that death ensued for want of air; but he can¬ 
not understand that his own complaint arises 
from the same cause. The amount of popular 
ignorance upon this subject is astonishing. 
The windows of every room, heated by hot air 
or tight stoves, should always be open at the 
top. In fact, no room should ever be con¬ 
structed without permanent provision for ventil¬ 
ation. 
Dr. Arnott, an eminent physician and philan¬ 
thropist, of London, had this subject so strongly 
impressed upon his mind, that he invented an 
apparatus for this purpose, called a chimney 
valve. It is a very simple, yet effective con¬ 
trivance. A square box or frame, of cast iron 
is set in the chimney near the ceiling, having 
a valve so nicely adjusted, that a slight pressure 
of impure air in the room, will cause it to open, 
or it may be set open by an adjusting thumb 
screw. When colored to correspond with the 
wall, it is hardly perceptible. Ornamental ven¬ 
tilators might be constructed in the ceiling of 
every room; and in all lodging rooms, they 
should be made permanently open. The health 
of thousands of persons is sacrificed every year 
by the poison of crowded assembly rooms, over 
heated and ill-ventilated dwellings, and more 
than all, narrow-contracted, never-ventilated 
lodging rooms. We shall recur to this subject 
again. 
Rice contains the least fatty matter of any of 
the cereals, but the greatest proportion of starch 
averaging about 82 per cent. 
