154 
PLOWS AND PLOWING. 
duction of two sizes of plows for adhesive soils, 
laying lapped furrows at an angle of 45°; and 
two sizes of plows for turning stubble furrows. 
Fig. 26, represents a furrow-side elevation of 
plow No. 72, or smallest size of the new flat-fur¬ 
row plows, and fig. 27, a horizontal plan of the 
same. In considering the remarks I offered 
upon No. 72 plow, it will be borne in mind that 
plow No. 73, for furrows nine inches deep, and 
plow No. 74, for furrows twelve inches deep, each 
possess the same general form and working 
properties of No. 72. They are each construct¬ 
ed upon the principles of an ingenious scale, 
the lines of which, as applied to the mould 
boards of three plows, and relatively the s ame. 
Fig. 26, represents the handles as long 
and raking, which gives the plowman 
a powerful leverage, and an easy and 
accurate control of the implement; the 
beam is high, and arches well over the 
coulter, to permit loose grass or other 
loose matters to pass off, and the plow 
to swim clear; the coulter is conse¬ 
quently long, and is made wholly of 
steel, to give it the requisite stiffness; 
the wheel or roller is nine inches in 
diameter, to prevent laboring and creak¬ 
ing on the axis, and it is set under the 
beam, experiments the past summer in- ^ 
dicating that a wheel on the side of the 
beam gives the plow an unsteady move¬ 
ment; a wrench accompanies the plow, 
adapted to the adjustment of the 
coulter, roller, clevis, &c.; the draft 
rod is short, connecting with the 
beam forward of the coulter, in or¬ 
der to preserve the space under the 
beam in that region entire; the qua- Fig. 29. 
drant, or clevis, attatched to the end of the beam, through the 
bolt of which the draft rod passes, is adapted to give the plow 
any desired Landing or earthing. The mould board is long, the 
line of transit over it for the furrow slice is easy, giving the 
slice a long, easy, and equal curvature throughout. 
Fig. 27, shows the inclination of the land side, and the coul¬ 
ter has a corresponding inclination. Fig. 27 also shows the 
position of the beam over the body of the plow. The share 
and lower parts of the mould boctrd are narrow, 
and the mould board is high, to adapt the plow 
to deep, narrow work. The share is long, with 
a raking cut, which gives it an easy entrance 
into the ground. 
Fig. 28, represents pretty well the movement 
of a furrow slice seven inches deep and eleven 
inches wide, over the mould board of this plow, 
and its final position afterleaving the plow. The 
i easy transit and the equal flexure of the slice, 
are noticeable. By means of the inclined land 
side and coulter, the slice is cut off the land upon 
a bevel, which very much facilitates its drop¬ 
ping in snugly beside the previously-turned 
slice. It will be observed that the width of cut 
made by the share is such as to leave a good 
hinge uncut, upon which the furrow holds its 
proper position at the bottom, while the top is 
describing a quarter of a circle to reach the 
perpendicular position, at which position the 
plow has ripped off the hinge. If the slice were 
cut entirely off by the share, it would be apt to 
push off at the bottom so far as to fail of being 
turned over to its proper position ; in other 
Fig. 30. 
—.-JMMjjf 
Fig. 28. 
Fig. 31. 
words, a wider furrow would need be taken to 
turn well. 
Fig. 29 shows that, theoretically, a furrow cut 
straight from the land will shut in beside the 
previously-turned furrow. The furrow slice, c, 
d, e,f is cut straight down at a , b , and rising on 
the corner c, as a pivot, it describes a quarter 
circle, b , d, and then changing to/, as a pivot, it 
describes another quarter circle, e, g, and shuts 
