CAUSE OF INCREASED FERTILITY FROM BURNING CLAY LANDS. 
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tive yellow bug. Pieces of sod six to eight 
inches square, placed grass side downwards, 
and the seed planted in the earthy part, will, 
answer as well as pots. 
Celery , requiring a long time to germinate the 
seed, should be sown as early in spring as the 
ground can be brought in condition, and the 
plants, when about three inches high, be thinned 
to the distance of six inches, and kept in a 
growing condition; and if transplanted in moist 
ground before putting out into trenches, they 
will be stouter and more thrifty. Ground on 
which early peas are grown, being clean in 
time for putting out celery, I always use in 
preference for such purpose. The trenches 
should be turned up a spade deep, and four feet 
wide, with the view of having a sufficient sup¬ 
ply of earth for blanching, which should only 
be done during dry weather, and at intervals, 
as the plants, (which should be twelve inches 
apart,) increase in size. In manuring, recent 
manure must be avoided. Select that which 
has passed through fermentation. The older 
the better; and let it be thoroughly incorpor¬ 
ated with the soil. Unfermented manure will 
cause the plants to rot; and too large a quan¬ 
tity of any description is apt to produce the 
same result. I have derived great benefit from 
hog manure, and prize it highly in the cultiva¬ 
tion of this plant, 4 In Scotland, I am informed 
that the red-solid is most generally grown. 
With us, the white is more popular. The tur¬ 
nip-rooted, or celariac, is but little used in the 
United States. In France and Germany it is 
cultivated freely, chiefly for the value of its 
root, which, in form, resembles a turnip. The 
stalk has a delicate and peculiarly sweet flavor, 
and being fond of variety I cultivate a few. It 
can be. grown on level ground, but does better 
in trenches. It requires the same treatment as 
the other varieties. 
Cauliflower .—Plants raised from seed sown in 
September, should be put out in rich ground, 
as early in spring as the weather will permit. 
Those who are not provided with hand glasses 
to protect them during frosty nights, and cold 
rainy weather, had better keep them growing 
in pots until the risk of such exposure is past, 
when they can be turned out without checking 
their growth. The chief cause of disappoint¬ 
ment in producing early cauliflowers is, that 
the plants are not sufficiently forward before 
the approach of hot weather, which stints their 
growth, and prevents their flowering. In order 
to avoid failure, they should be started early in 
autumn, and carefully attended to during win¬ 
ter. Those who are not provided with suitable 
conveniences for wintering the plants, had bet¬ 
ter not attempt it, as they can be procured in 
spring from those who raise them for sale. Seed 
sown about the tenth of May, and plants put 
out in the early part of July, will, if properly 
attended, flower in October, and are not only 
less troublesome, but are more likely to succeed 
than those raised for early table use. But it 
ought to be the aim of the cultivator, to have 
this choice vegetable one of the early as well as 
late productions of the garden. 
Broccoli .—The purple cape being best adapted 
to our climate, is the variety generally culti¬ 
vated. The seed should be sown about the 
middle of May, and the plants put out the latter 
part of July, to flower in October. If put out 
earlier, and the heads form during hot weather, 
they soon shoot up and blossom, thus rendering 
them unfit for the table. When a small quan¬ 
tity only is required for private use, it is best 
to raise the plants in pots. They can then be 
put out without retarding their growth, and you 
are not subjected to the inconvenience of cov¬ 
ering to protect them from the sun while taking 
root, or delay while waiting for cloudy weather; 
and by putting them out at proper intervals, a 
supply, in an ordinary season, can be obtained 
during October and November. Being an ex¬ 
cellent substitute for cauliflower, and more 
likely to succeed, I grow it more freely, and 
rarely fail of having an abundant supply. In 
this climate, the flowering broccoli is more un¬ 
certain; and though well to attempt a few for 
variety, it is 'not safe to depend upon it for the 
main supply. Like cauliflowers, the varieties 
of this species of brassica require rich soil, and 
in other respects, similar treatment. Broccoli 
and onions I raise on the same ground, by put¬ 
ting out the plants as if the ground was unoc¬ 
cupied, and before they spread to any important 
extent, the onions are ready to be taken off. 
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CAUSE OF INCREASED FERTILITY FROM BURN¬ 
ING- CLAY LANDS. 
The practice of roasting clay lands, by par¬ 
ing, and then charring the turf by a smoulder¬ 
ing fire, for which the roots of the grass and 
other vegetable matters afford ample materials, 
when once ignited by the addition of a small 
quantity of fuel, is often resorted to in Europe, 
with great advantage. Besides the benefits 
which ensue from the destruction of myriads of 
noxious insects, and the mechanical alteration 
of the particles composing the soil, there are 
two most important chemical results. 
The burnt or charred clay absorbs ammonia 
