AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[March, 
ryiy 
/ 
proved superior to-those of European manufacture, but 
the small tools, like hoes, forks, &c., were so far in ad¬ 
vance of those in general use by European farmers, that 
it should be a matter of national pride.to show to the 
agriculturists of Europe the progress we have made in 
this respect. Those who wish to exhibit farm products 
or implements, can obtain circulars from the American 
Agents, whose advertisement may be found in another 
column. There is direct communication, by steamers, 
between New-York and Hamburgh, and the latter being 
a free port, there will be no duties to pay, or delays at 
the Custom-House. The time during which applications 
can be made is limited to the 15th of April. 
The Eighth U. S. Census—Interesting 
Agricultural Statistics. 
[Several items from the last Census have already been 
printed in this journal. A very complete, condensed ex¬ 
hibit of the population of the entire country, showing at a 
glance, the number in each State, increase, etc., prepared 
for and published in the August Agriculturist, 1861, has 
been widely copied, and is still going the rounds, uncred¬ 
ited. The agricultural statistics were not published until 
recently, and we now present a series of interesting tables, 
with accompanying remarks, prepared for this journal by 
our correspondent, Daniel J. Thomas Esq., of sacramen 
to, Cal., for which he will please accept our thanks.— Ed.] 
All readers of the American Agriculturist , wheth¬ 
er farmers or not, will be interested in fully un¬ 
derstanding the material value and pecuniary 
importance of the great farming interests of this 
country; the rapidity with which land is being 
brought under cultivation, and the great increase 
of the agricultural productions of the country. 
These tables have been collected from Super¬ 
intendent Kennedy’s “ Preliminary Report on 
the Eighth Census.” The work has involved con¬ 
siderable labor—but a labor of love, as well as 
of interest to the writer. The general facts ex¬ 
hibited are such as every citizen, and particular¬ 
ly every farmer, should be proud of. No one 
can examine them without feeling that notwith¬ 
standing her troubles, the destiny of our Nation 
is higher and still higher, onward and still on¬ 
ward until the illimitableness of her agricultural 
wealth shall astonish the world more than now 
does the magnitude of her Minerva-born army, 
or the might of lierimproptu navy. (We should 
like to tell the proportion that farmers, plant¬ 
ers, and rancheros, bear to the other classes of 
society, but the present volume does not give 
the professions, trades, and occupations. We 
must therefore wait for the complete report. 
Among the most important and most pleasing 
exhibits are these: In 1850 there were only 
113,032,614 acres of improved land in the United 
States: In 1860 there was 163,201,389 acres, 
making 50,228,775 acres brought under cultiva¬ 
tion during the ten years, or rather more than 
five, millions of acres per annum of wild lands render¬ 
ed productive! Think what must be the future 
of a Nation that yearly adds five millions of 
acres to her feeding capacity ! Yet, important 
as is this increase in the amount of cultivated 
lands, the tables show a still mightier element 
of success. It is book-farming—the influence 
of such papers as the American Agriculturist and 
its coadjutors in disseminating both theoretical 
and practical agricultural knowledge. Are the 
Agriculturist, and other bucolic papers, mention¬ 
ed in the report? Not directly—; but it is 
stated there that the value of agricultural imple¬ 
ments manufactured in 1860 was $17,802,514, 
against $6,842,611 in 1850, being $10,959,903 
more in the former than in the latter year. The 
increase of land brought under cultivation is 
about 45 per cent.; the increased yearly require¬ 
ments for implements is about 160 per cent. 
Could there ,/e any better or more perfect re¬ 
port in favor of the advantages of book-farming 
or of the agricultural press ? We think not. The 
value of implements used by farmers in 1860 was 
ninety-five millions of dollars more than the 
value of those on hand in 1850. These facts nat¬ 
urally lead us to look for an increased value in 
our farms—and we find it. While but forty-five 
per cent, more land has been brought into culti¬ 
vation, the whole value of the land cultivated, 
more than doubled. Could there be a better 
report in favor of “ book-farming ” as it is called ? 
The following is the showing for the principal 
GRAIN CROPS.—PRODUCT. 
1860. 1860. 
Kind. Bushels. Bushels. Increase. 
Wheat.100,485,944 171,183,381 70,697,437 
Rye. 14.188,813 20,976,286 6,787,473 
Indian Corn.592,071,104 830.451,707 248,380,603 
Buckwheat. 8,956,912 17,664,914 8,708,002 
Oats.146,584,1/9 172,554,688 25,970,509 
•Barley. 5,167,015 15,635,119 10,468,104 
Incr’d yearly production of grain in 10 years. .471,012A28 
The grain crops as between the loyal States 
and the twelve seceding States and Territories 
viz.: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Lou¬ 
isiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, 
Texas, Virginia, and New Mexico, stands : 
GRAIN CROP AS TO LOCALITY. 
„. . Loyal States. Sec'g Stales. Excess in L. 
Bmd. bushels. bushels. S ., bush. 
Wheat. 144,770,275 26,413,100 118,357,109 
Rye. 18,801,953 2,174,333 16,627.620 
Indian Corn.549,076,288 281,375,419 267,700,869 
Buckwheat. 17,127,796 537,148 16,590,678 
Oats.152,626,770 19,927,918 132,698,852 
Barley. 15,448,713 186 ,406 15,262 ,307 
Total.897,851,795 330,614,300 567,237,495 
In connection with the foregoing the follow¬ 
ing table, which we have carefully prepared, of 
the population and classes of inhabitants of the 
two sections, will be exceedingly interesting to 
to those who have leisure to study it, and who 
will take the trouble to institute comparisons. 
TABLE OF POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
Loyal S. Rebel S. Loyal Ex. Rebel Ex. 
White.21,150,760 5,532,417 14,618,343 
Free Negroes*. 378,295 132,815 245,480 
Slaves. 432,650 3 ,521 , 110 _ 3,088,460 
Total.. ...21,961,705 9086,342 12,775,363 
* In this are included 23,140 Chinese and 14,555 Mission In¬ 
dians of California, making a total of 37,695 in these classes. 
A curious feature disclosed by the census is, 
that two of the slave States contain the most 
free negroes. Maryland lias 83,942, Virginia 
58,442; then Pennsylvania follows with 56,849, 
New-York 49,005, Ohio 36,673, North Carolina, 
another slave State, being sixth on the list with 
30,463.—But to return to agricultural statistics. 
VALUE OF FLOUR AND MEAL PRODUCED. 
Loyal States. Seceding States. 
1860.$192,002,722 $31,142,647 
1850. 119,315,989 16,581,817 
Increase.$72,686,733 $14,560,830 
This gives about $8.75 worth of flour and 
meal for every inhabitant of the loyal States, 
against about $3.40 for the seceding States. 
The bean, pea, root and seed crops increased 
throughout the country during the decade thus : 
PRODUCTION. 
1850. 1860. 
Kind. Bushels. Bushels. Increase. 
Peas and Beans... 9,219,901 15,188,013 5,968,112 
Irish Potatoes.... 65,797,896 110,571,201 44,773,305 
Sweet Potatoes... 38,268,148 41,606,302 3,338,154 
Flax Seed562,312 611,927 49,615 
Clover Seed. 468,978 929,010 460,032 
Grass Seed. 416.831 900,386 483,555 
The above shows that the annual production 
of Flax Seed is now about fifty thousand bushels 
greater than it was ten years ago. This increase, 
though fair, is very small compared with almost 
everything else; and when we look at the pro¬ 
duction of flax itself the matter is a very great 
deal worse. In 1850 the dressed flax amounted 
to 7,709,676 pounds; in 1860 it was but 3,783,079 
pounds, — decrease in the yearly product of 
nearly four million pounds. This should not be. 
Some means must be found to make flax raising 
for the fibre a paying crop. Silk cocoons, too, 
fell off from a yearly supply of 10,843 lbs. to 
6,562 lbs. Rice is also one of the retrograding 
crops. It was about 4,000 tons less in 1860 than 
in 1850. The figures are : 215,313,497 lbs. report¬ 
ed in 1850 against 187,140,173 lbs. in 1860. 
The Cotton crop of 1860 was 5,196,944 bales, 
of 400 lbs. each, or something over two thousand 
millions (2,000,000,000) of pounds, against 2,445,- 
793 bales (978,317,200 lbs.) in 1850. The yearly 
production of hemp is about seventy thousand 
tons greater now than ten years ago. In 1850 
we had 34,871 tons, and in 1860, 104,590 tons. 
1850 — lbs. I860— lbs. Increase. 
Butter.313,345,366 460,509,854 147,164,548 
Cheese.105,535,893 105,875,135 39,242 
Hops. 3,497,029 11,010,012 7,512,9S3 
Sugar (Cane).237,133,000 302,205,000 65,072,000 
Sugar (Maple)_ 34,253,436 38,863,884 4,610,448 
Tobacco. 199,752,655 429,390,771 229,638,116 
•Wax and Honey. 14,853,690 26,386,855 11,533,165 
Wool. 52.516,959 60,511,348 7,994,384 
* Wax 1.357.864—Hnnpv 95 <198 QQ1 
The following agricultural productions, in 
which we include the value of farms, of agri¬ 
cultural implements iu use, of agricultural im¬ 
plements manufactured during tlife year, and the 
value of home manufactures (goods made on 
the farm and in the household) are returned in 
dollars. Of these, “home manufactures” are 
the only things that decreased—labor gradually 
finding better pecuniary employment than com¬ 
peting with the steam engine and machinery to 
make “ homespun.” The census of 1860 gave 
to this branch only $24,358,222, against $27,- 
493,644 iu 1850—a falling off of $3,135,422. 
The other things measured in dollars are: 
1850. 1860. Increase. 
Live Stock.$544,180,516 $1,107,490,216 $563,310,700 
Farms, Value $3,271,575,420 6,650,872,507 3,379,287,081 
Farm lmplem’s 151,587,638 247,027,496 95,438,858 
Orchard Prod’s. 7,723,186 19,759,361 12,036,175 
Market Gard’s.. 5,280,030 15.541,627 10,264,997 
Slaugh’d Anim’s 111,703,142 212,871,653 101,168,511 
Agr’l Imp. made 6,842,611 17,802,514 10,959,903 
We find Hay and Hemp returned by the ton : 
1850 — tons. 1860 — tons. Increase. 
Hay. 13,838,642 19,129,128 5,291,586 
Hemp. 34,871 104,590 69,719 
The liquid products are given in gallons thus: 
1850 — Galls. 1860 — Galls. Increase. 
Cane Molasses- 12,700,991 16,337,080 3,636,089 
Sorghum Molasses 7,235,025 7,235,025 
Maple Molasses.. not given. 1,944,594 
*'Wine . 221,249 1,860,008 1,638,759 
* Of this quantity Ohio furnished 562,640 gallons, Cali¬ 
fornia 494,516 gallons, and Kentucky 179,949 gallons. 
The Live Stock returns require an explana¬ 
tion. Hitherto the census blanks provided for 
accounts of domestic animals only from persons 
filling up the agricultural schedules, which, of 
course, left out the animals owned by those en¬ 
gaged in other pursuits. Seeing this deficit, 
Superintendent Kennedy ordered supplementa¬ 
ry returns of the previously omitted stock. We 
have arranged our condensed tables to show 
both classes. The ratio of increase will be best 
gathered by comparing the first two columns; 
the difference is shown in the fifth column. 
Oloned by 
farmers in 
1850. 
Horses. 4,336,719 
Mules and Asses.. 559,331 
Hogs. .30,354,213 
Sheep.21,723,220 
Milch Cows. 6,385,094 
Working Oxen_ 1,700,694 
Other Neat Cattle.10,293,069 
Total 
reported in 
1860. 
Horses. 7,300,972 
/Mules and Asses.. 1,296,339 
Hogs.36,023,272 
Sheep.24,823,565 
Milch Cows. 9,928.862 
Working Oxen_ 2,540,075 
Other Neat Cattle. 16,518,400 
Owned by 
farmers in 
1860. 
0,115,458 
1,129,553 
32,555,267 
23,317,756 
8,728,862 
2,240,075 
14,671,400 
Increase of 
those owned 
btf Farmers. 
1,778,739 
570,222 
2,201,054 
1,594,536 
2,343,768 
539,381 
4,378,331 
Owned by 
others in 
1860. 
1,185,514 
160,786 
3,467,905 
1,505,810 
1,200,000 
300,000 
1,847,009 
Increase in 
total num¬ 
ber reported 
2,964,253 
737,008 
5,669,959 
3,100,346 
3,543,768 
839,381 
6,225,340 
The facts above set forth are very suggestive 
of thought, and worthy of study by not only the 
farmer, hut by the mechanic and artizan, the 
merchant and manufacturer, the politician and 
the statesman—in fact by all classes. We have 
not space left for conclusions and inferences, but 
may, perhaps, resume the subject hereafter. T. 
