18G3.] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
917 
Fig. 17. 
flower. The flower has some other use than to gratify 
our senses its real purpose is to produce seed, and this 
is done by the parts we are about to describe. If you 
look closelv at the center 
of the flower, you will see 
two rows of little yellow 
bodies. These can be 
seen murh more distinct¬ 
ly if you pull the calyx 
and corolla off very care¬ 
fully. Fig. 17, represents 
a magnifiea figure of the 
flower after the floral en¬ 
velopes ha' e been remov¬ 
ed. We find that there is 
nn outer row of five parts 
called stamens. Fig. IS, 
shows tile appearance of 
a separate stamen much 
more enlarged, showing 
its stalk or filament bearing an oval case or box, the 
anther, which, by the time the flower opens, bursts by 
two slits in its sides, and lets out a very fine powder, the 
pollen. Remove all the stamens, and the pistil, fig. 18, 
will be left exactly in the center of the flower. This 
consists of a roundish lower portion, the ovary, hav¬ 
ing five slender stalks, the styles, each of which bears 
a little knob or stigma. The ovary or lower part of pis¬ 
til is hollow and contains ovules, which are little bodies 
that will by and by become seeds. If you have a magni¬ 
fying glass you can see the ovules. Cut a flower open 
lengthwise with a sharp pen-knife through the center, and 
you will be very likely to divide the ovary. The ovules 
will be seen as little green pulpy masses. If you can not 
do this you must be satisfied with the representation giv¬ 
en in fig. 15. In this figure the ovary in the center of 
the flower is cut through so as to show two of the ovules. 
These ovules would never ripen into seeds if the pollen 
from the anthers did not fall upon the stigmas. This in 
some way, which we can not explain, exercises an influ¬ 
ence upon the ovules and causes them to grow and finally 
become seeds. The stamens and pistils being such im¬ 
portant parts in the pro¬ 
duction of seed, are cal¬ 
led the essential organs 
of the flower. If the 
corolla or both this and 
the calyx were absent, 
as they sometimes are, 
the flower could still 
perfect seed, but neither 
the stamens nor the pis¬ 
tils alone can produce 
seed. Now then, let us 
briefly repeat the parts 
of the flower: 1st, The 
Calyx, composed of se¬ 
pals : 2nd, The Corolla, 
with its separate petals : 
3d, The Stamens con¬ 
sisting of filament and 
anther : 4th, The Pistil, 
with its ovary, styles 
and stigmas. The parts 
are one within another in the order in which we have 
named them, and as shown in the picture of the flower 
cut open in fig. 15. The corolla, stamens and styles, 
soon fall away, leaving the calyx and ovary. The 
ovary enlarges and becomes the seed pod, fig. 19, which, 
when ripened, will be found to contain seeds just like the 
on£ that was planted, and which, if put into the ground, 
would repeat over again the growth and flowering which 
we have described. There are some other things about 
the Flax flower which should be noticed : The parts are 
Fig. 18. 
Fig. 19. 
nearly all in fives : there are five each of the sepals, pet¬ 
als, stamens, and styles and stigmas, and twice five seeds. 
Then again, the different parts are regularly placed with 
relation to one another : the petals are not directly op¬ 
posite the sepals, but opposite the spaces between them— 
are alternate with them, so the stamens alternate with the 
petals, and the styles with the stamens. There is then a 
regular plan for the Flax flower, a definite number for 
each set of parts, and these parts are put together in a 
particular way. If you will study this flower you will 
have a good idea of the plan upon which flowers are 
made, and although other flowers will look very different, 
yet knowing what parts to look for, and what their 
position should be, you will soon be able to understand 
their structure. Our other flowers will show some of the 
most common variations from the structure of the Flax, 
and we will try and tell you about them next month. 
Frightening Mersclf to Sleep. 
The nurse of a little girl used to frighten her when 
being laid in bed, by telling her that if she did not keep 
quiet, the rats would come and bite her; and the child 
dared scarcely stir for fear of the threat. On one occa¬ 
sion she was taken to visit friends in the country, her 
nurse being left behind. On her return a few days after, 
she was asked how she managed to get to sleep at night. 
“ Oh,” said she, “I sat up in the bed and said ‘Rats! 
rats !’ until I w'as so frightened I trembled alt over, and 
then I covered myself right up, and didn’t dare move 
again, and went right to sleep. 
New 5*Jizzles to l»e Asiswered. 
No. 44. Illustrated. Rebus. A truth worth remembering. 
No. 45. Curious Sentence. —Contributed to the Ameri¬ 
can Agriculturist, by “ W. G. W.,” New-York City. A 
teacher speaks with authority to one of his pupils ; calls 
him by name, directs him to execute a lesson ; designates 
what is to be done, and enjoins him to do it correctly. 
For this he uses in all, only four plain English words, 
and they are all sounded precisely alike. 
No. 46. Arithmetical Problem. —Contributed to the Ag¬ 
riculturist, by P. C. Reed, Bond Co., III. A. nndB. agree 
to do a piece of work, each to work as many days as the 
other. A. is to receive $22 and B. $28, of every 50. It 
happened that A. worked but 137X days, while B. work¬ 
ed 187X days. They receive for the work $270 ; what is 
each man’s share of it ? 
Answers to Problems and JPnzzles. 
Answers to Problems and Puzzles in June No. (page 
183). No. 40. Illustrated Rebus. “ Many a slip between 
the cup and lip.” No. 41. Illustrated Rebus. “ When the 
cat’s away, the mice will play.” No. 42. Mathematical 
Problem. One should have 91 3-7 acres ; the other, 6S 4 7 
acres. No. 43. Riddle. A Hat. 
The following have sent in correct answers : the num- 
ers indicate the problems answered by each. 
Win. J. McManigal, 37 ; N. S. Barnum, 37 ; J. M. and 
F. A. Boyle, 37 ; “Constant Reader,” 37 ; John Wilson, 
38 ; Ellen F. Cole, 37 ; S. R. Walkups, 38 ; H. H. Bayley, 
37; Mary E. Greely, 37 ; E. M. Kellogg, 37, S8; Eleanor 
Risdon, 37, 38 ; Jesse H. Carter, 37 ; John F. Holmes, 
37, 38 ; J. B. Bardwell, 38 ; Stephen A. Browm, 37: Orlan¬ 
do P. Vaughan, 37; N. E. Melick, 37, 38; Augustus 
Reipsteck, 37 ; M. II. Barnard, 37 ; S. Shepherd, 37, 38 ; 
E. S. Lyon, 37 ; George Wistarkirke, 37 ; John F. Holmes, 
37, 38 ; VV. W. Dickey, 37 ; S. A. Dickey, 37 ; Bernet K. 
Melick, 37 ; Alice Ross, 37; W. A. Vaughan, 37 ; Walter 
A. Carpenter, 37 ; G. T. Clark, 38 ; Piutus, 37 ; John W. 
Van Deventer, 39; W. H. French, 37; L. O. Gay, 39; 
C. R. L., 40, 41 ; S. S. Doolittle, 41; Fred. A. Ma'ltbee, 
41,43; Lydia E. Newberry, 37 ; Isaac McGay, Jr., 40, 
41, 43 ; Twiford S. Noble, 41, 43 : H. M. Johnson, 40, 41 ; 
G. W. Venall, 40, 41 ; John N. Fithian, 42 ; James Wil¬ 
liamson. 41, 43, Henry B. Strong. 42 ; Lemuel G. Carpen¬ 
ter, 40, 41 ; Richard Humpback, 40, 41, 43 ; James Argus, 
41 ; L. O. Gay, 42 ; Fanny J. Minor, 41, 43 ; Haller Bay- 
ley, 41, 42, 43 ; Isaac T. McLain, 42; Lucy Pi. Weeks, 
41, 42, 43 ; Robert G Weeks, 40 ; George P. Week, 40 ; 
Wirt C. Williams, 41, 42; Samuel A. Williamson, 43; 
G. L. Stevens, 43 ; W. H Mendenhall, 42; John P. Rat¬ 
cliff, 42; J. H. Nicholson, 41 : Willie H. Paine, 41. 42, 43 ; 
Albert D. Rust, 40,41, 42, 43; George Bushong, 43; 
Hoosier Alice. 41, 43 ; (It is not necessary to send draw¬ 
ings for proposes rebuses) ; J. A. and J. E. Smith, 41 ; 
“ Loirgus,” 42 ; John Kostenhader, 42 ; Cornelius Iloag- 
land, Jr., 41, 42, 43; Oliver Coombs, 41 : Willie N. Bar¬ 
nard, 40, 41, 43 ; Daniel S. Carver, 40, 41; Jesse Wright, 
43 ; Alice P. Talbot, 37, 40, 41; Laura E. Barnes, 40. 41 ; 
Wiley McCaughey, 41, 42 ; J. M. and F. A. Boyle. 40. 41, 
43; Maggie Dale, 41 ; Albert Siewers. 40, 41 ; H. II. Stry¬ 
ker, 40, 4 1, 43 ; William Wyckoff, 41 ; O. B. Surface, 41 ; 
Maggie II. Haggerty, 41, 43 ; Isaac D. Thorp, 40, 41, 43 ; 
Marv A. E. Nichols, 41. 42,43; Temperance Carr. 41; 
A. T. 41, 42, 43 ; Emily E. Alcott, 40, 41, 43 : Bernet Ken¬ 
nedy Melick. 41 ; George Eleock. 42; Nellie Spink, 41, 
43 ; W. L. H.,41. 42 ; W. Ward, 40, 41 ; James Gardiner, 
42; 43 ; VV. F. Penniman, 41. 
Business Notices. 
Eighty Cents a Line of space. 
Pure and Economical Articles 
FOR FAMILY USE. 
Pyle’s Cream Tartar, 
Pyle’s Saleratus, 
Pyle’s Btakius Soda, 
Pyle’s O. Ii. Soap. 
Housekeepers will find Ihese articles reliable, anil Hie 
cheapest in the end. Sold by Grocers everywhere. 
JAMES PYLE, Manufacturer, 
350 Washington-street, corner Franklin, New-York. 
]W.ME. DEMOREST’S MIRROR OF FASHIONS. 
The magnificent Summer No. ready. 25c. Sold 
everywhere. Yearlv $1 ; with valuable Premiums. 473 
Broadway. Every Lady should see it. 
THE CRAIG MICROSCOPE. 
This is the best and cheapest microscope In 
the world for general use. It requires no fo¬ 
cal adjustment, magnifies about 100 diameters, 
or 10,000 times, and is so simple that a child 
can use it. It will be sent by mall, postage 
paid, on the receipt of $2.25, or with six beauti¬ 
ful mounted objects for $3, or with 24 objects 
for $5. Address HENRY CRAIG, 
ISO Centre-st., New-York. 
A liberal discount to the trade. 
“The CRAIG MICROSCOPES are just what they are 
claimed to be. Those who wish such an article, will not bo 
disappointed, if they should obtain one of these.”— A”. Y . 
Methodist. 
Mr. Henry Craig, 
Dear Sir:—I have received the 
Microscope which you sent me, and deem it the best for 
practical purposes, I have ever seen. I like it much bet¬ 
ter than one which I have been using that cost me $20: 
and without hesitancy would recommend it, not only as 
an instrument well adapted to afford instructive amuse¬ 
ment to every family circle—but as being the best I know 
of for “ the use of the practical Naturalist.” 
Yours truly, 
J. Bodine Thomas. 
Williamsport, Pa., May 7th, 1863. 
Lands—To All Wanting Farms. 
Large ami thriving settlement of Vineland, mild cli¬ 
mate, 30 miles south of Philadelphia, by railroad ; rich 
soil; fine crops ; twenty acre tracts, at from $15 to $20 
per acre; payable within four years. Good business 
openings ; good society. Hundreds are settling and mak¬ 
ing improvements. Apply to CH AS K. LANDIS, Post¬ 
master, Vineland, Cumberland County, N. J Letters 
answered. Papers containing full information sent free. 
The Markets. 
American Aoriculturist Office, j 
New-York, Friday Morning, June 18, 1863. j 
1. TRANSACTIONS AT THE NEW-YORK MARKETS. 
Receipts. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats. 
25 davs this m’tti 569.000 3,162,000 3,204,000 27.000 58.000 1,610.000 
26 days last m’th 347,000 540,000 596,000 45,000 51.000 410.000 
Sales. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. 
25 (lavs this month, 375.000 3,256.000 3,631.000 82,000 56.000 
26 days last month, 349,000 783,000 1,839,000 102,000 91,000 
2. Comparison with same time last year. 
receipts. Flour. Wheat. Com. Rye. Barley. Oats. 
25 davs 1863 569.000 3.162.000 3,204,000 27.000 58.000 1,610.000 
28 days 1862.'... .594,000 4,280,000 1,920,000 43,900 110,000 473,000 
sales. Flour'. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. 
25 davs 1863 . 375,000 8,256,000 8.631,000 S2.000 56,000 
28 days 1862.'. 697,700 5,337,000 2,612,000 1S5.500 31,000 
3. Exports fromNew-York, Jan. 1, to June 17. 
Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Oats. 
Bbls. Rush. Rush. Rush. Bush. 
1363 1 050 048 5.475.50S 4,089,591 262,662 103,5S8 
i862:::::.i;26i;us 5 , 912,421 799,166 20,887 
4. 
Receipts at A lbany,from the commencement of 
Navigation, to June 9. 
1861 . 
Canal opened May 1. 
Flour, bbls. 113.000 
Wheat, bushels-3,998,300 
Corn, bushels .2.S24.100 
Barley, bushels.... 99,700 
Oats, bushels. 859,400 
Rye, bushels. 68,COO 
18G3. 1803. 
May 1. Mavl. 
185,200 181,300 
5,234,100 3.360,400 
1,977,700 3,978.200 
317,100 49,500 
542,500 1,667,700 
209,000 48,500 
The receipts, sales, and exports of Breadstuffs have 
been quite heavy during the month, as had been antici¬ 
pated at resumption of navigation on the canals and rivers 
of the interior. The export demand was active during 
most of the month, encouraged by the favorable market 
reports from England; but, toward the close, buyers 
were less disposed to operate, unless at prices much 
under those claimed by holders, in view of the depression 
in the gold and foreign exchange markets, the riso in rales 
