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ORCHARD TREES : VARIETIES OF THE 17TH CENTURY. 
is to regraft trees which show a diminution of fruitfulness, or are altogether unproductive, although 
they may be of considerable age. The scions should be of some strong variety which succeeds well 
in the locality, and they should be carefully grafted as near the ends of the branches as possible, when 
they will come the more quickly into bearing. They will want careful protection from the wind. 
Orchard Trees : Varieties of the 17TH Century. —The names of the celebrated varieties 
of fruit of the 17th century, have been carefully handed down to us, in prose and verse, by the 
writers of the period—and it is very interesting to keep them in remembrance. First and 
foremost in those days stood the Redstreak , with its varieties, the Summer , Winter , Yellow , 
More-green , and Red Redstreaks. The Bromsberrow Crab and the Westbury Crab (a Hampshire 
Apple) stood next in order of merit, for making a long lasting cider. The Foxwhelp then just rising 
into repute ; the Coleing (about Ludlow); the Under leaf; the Arier Apple; the Olive (another 
Ludlow fruit) ; Gennet Moyle , as renowned for its cooking properties, as for its Cider ; the White , 
and Red Must Apples ; the Oaken Pin ; the Slimmer and Winter Fillets or Violets ; the John Apple 
or Deux-ans. Then follow the Pearmains and Pippins in great variety ; of which the most celebrated, 
even in those days, was the Golden Pippin as well for the long life of the tree, as for the 
long keeping of its Cider; the Stocking Apple; Elliot; Harvey; Devonshire Bitterscale and 
Deans Apple; the Salopian Otley; Nonsuch; Mangold or Onion Apple; Summer and Winter 
Queening; the Woodcock Apple ; Richards or Grainge Apple; Claret Wine Apple ; Gloucestershire 
Heming; with “ all (both Russettings and Greenings) which have a relish of agreeable Piquancy and 
Tartness.” 
“ There are, that a compounded Fluid drain 
From different Mixture, Woodcock , Pippin , Moyle , 
Rough Elliot , sweet Pearmain , the blended streams 
(Each mutually correcting each), create 
A pleasurable Medley, of what Taste 
Flardly distinguish’d.” (Philips' “ Cyder.”) 
Since this time some other apples have obtained an established repute in'Herefordshire 
Orchards, such as; the Friar; the Cockagee; Royal Wilding; the Devonshire Dufflin; Bennet 
Apple; Forest Sty re; Best B ache; Dy mock Red; Cowarne Red; the Pawsan ; Garter Apple; the 
Bromley ; Hagloe Crab ; Stead's Kernel; Skyrme's Kernel; and the many so-called Normans. There 
is however no history of their origin for the most part, or of their introduction into the Orchards. 
The Pears named for Perry making by the old 17th century writers, are the Barland Pear ; 
the Horse Pears, Red and White; Taynton Squash ; divers Choak-pears , whereof the red coloured 
yielded the strongest liquors ; the Red and Green Squash Pears ; John Pear ; Money Pear ; Lullam 
Pear ; and others with local names and merits. 
Varieties of the 19TH Century.— The names of the varieties, considered at the present 
day most worthy of cultivation in Herefordshire, may be given as a comparison with the lists of the 
old varieties, although it is not here that their several merits can be discussed. There are still happily 
