ORCHARD TREES: VARIETIES OF THE I9TH CENTURY, PRUNING. 
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in our Orchards many of the varieties of established merit, whose names have already been given. 
The Foxwhelp , which has been the favourite apple for some hundred and fifty years past, still lives 
and is still propagated ; so too, do the Royal Wilding; the Sty re Wilding; the Yellow Sty re ; the 
Cowarne Red; Dymock Red; Skyrmes Kernel ; Garter Apple ; Summer and Winter Queenings and 
several others named before, whose varieties are still grafted in the localities where their merits are 
most appreciated. 
Many valuable additions have also been made of late years although the mode of their 
appearance and their general prevalence in the Orchards may be rather difficult to explain. The 
Cherry Norman ; the Strawberry Norman ; Handsome Norman ; Red Norman ; Yellow Norman ; 
Black Norman ; Cwm Norman ; are all very favourite varieties and their introduction is comparatively 
of recent date. The Ladies Finger; Black Kingston; Pym Square; Upright and Spreading 
Redstreaks ; Eggleton Styre ; Wilding, and other Bittersweets. There are others as White Buckland; 
the Devonshire Slaverton; with Grittleton; Red-budd; Black Eyed Pippin and many others with 
local names, which bear well, and fill the barrel, but when enquiry comes to be made into their value, 
have no other merit to save them from condemnation. The day for common rough Cider has 
happily passed away. 
The Perry Pears now most in favour in the Orchards are ; of the early varieties: Taynton 
Squash (a very favorite pear supposed to be nearly worn out, but now being again grafted successfully); 
Bar land; Yellow and Black Huff-Cap; Pint Pear and others with local names and of doubtful 
merit. Amongst the late Perry Pears at this time are : Oldfield; Moor croft; Blakeney Red (a 
Gloucestershire variety); Red Pear and its varieties; Longland; White Longland; Holmer; 
Staunton Squash ; Butt Pear ; Gregg Pear ; New Meadow Pear , &c., &c. 
There can be no question but that there is a very large percentage of fruit trees in Hereford¬ 
shire Orchards at the present time, which, if they are past the age for re-grafting the ends of their 
branches with valuable varieties, should be “grubbed up ” as the country phrase hath it, They are 
useless for making superior Cider by themselves, and they serve now, but to spoil that which is made 
from other and better Apples in the Orchard. It would be economy in every sense to turn them into 
faggot wood. 
Pruning. —Orchard pruning is very apt either to be neglected altogether, or to be carried 
out in excess. In the one case the boughs grow matted together and bear fruit, small in size and 
deficient in quality, from a want of light and air : or in the other, whole boughs are mercilessly 
lopped off close to the trunk, leaving those great round scars, commonly called “ owls’ faces,” to 
offend the eye of every good Orchardist ; since he knows how deeply they injure the trees and 
shorten their lives. It would sometimes seem, as if the trees were left until the almost finished state 
of the faggot stack suggests the expediency of “ a turn at pruning,” when the ordinary pruner is sent 
for, who slashes away at the cost of the strength of the poor victims, who possibly have not 
recovered from the last raid. 
Apple and Pear Trees when full grown require very little pruning. “ The compleat Planter 
