A FEW INSECT ENEMIES OF THE ORCHARD. 
39 
The whale-oil soap and the kerosene emulsion, being entirely 
efficient, one or the other should be used against this pest. As 
it is much easier and cheaper to make the application during 
the winter season, while the foliage is off the trees, this is the 
season that should be chosen to destroy the brown mites. 
THE CODLING MOTH, OR APPLE WORM (Carpocapsa pomonella). 
This pest causes heavier annual loss to the apple crop 
than any other insect. It is found in nearly every part of the 
world where apples are grown. In the orchards of Delta county, 
Colorado, it was for a number of years unknown. It is now pres- 
ent in all the orchard regions of the state, unless it be in some 
very limited and isolated places. It is not a pest that we can 
hope to exterminate, and orchardists can not afford to let it go 
unchecked. 
Life Habits of the Insect — There are two, and perhaps a par- 
tial third, brood of this insect in Colorado each year. The moths 
of the first brood begin to appear early in the spring, and are 
ready to deposit their eggs in the blossom ends of the small 
apples as soon as the blossoms fall. The moths do not all ap- 
pear at once, so that the eggs of the first brood are distributed 
through several weeks. If the weather is warm, the eggs will 
hatch in about four or five days, and the young larvm will begin 
to eat in the blossom end of the apple and to burrow their way 
to the core, about which they feed until mature. When mature, 
the larvae or worms eat a large hole to the outside, and escape 
to go in search of a suitable place to spin a silken cocoon and 
change to a chrysalis, and, a little later, to come forth as moths. 
This second brood of moths begins to appear about the first week 
in July, and in a few days, like the first brood, fly to apples 
or other suitable fruit to deposit their eggs. This time the eggs 
are often laid in the stem end of the apple or upon any rough 
spot where they will readily adhere. The habits of this brood 
are like those of the first. The fater individuals do not leave the 
apples until they have been barreled or put in winter quarters. 
The winter is spent in the worm state in some protected spot, 
as between barrel staves, under barrel hoops, under scales of bark 
on apple trees, etc. Early in the spring these worms change to 
chrysalids, and a little later appear as moths. 
REMEDIES. 
On account of the habit of the larva in feeding for a little 
time in the blossom of the ap])le before burrowing to the core. 
