20 — 
leads to much more satisfactory conclusions, but it is an 
effort to get a more definite and detailed view of the com- 
ponents of hay. Heretofore we have been accustomed to 
speak of carbohydrates and water soluble substances as 
though starch, sugar, etc., were present in abundance. We 
may not be able to show what the substances are which we 
have been calling by these names, but we can show bow 
much sugar and starch are present and that we must find 
some other names for the rest. As an example of the in- 
adequacy of a fodder analysis to enable us to judge of the 
value of a grass as a fodder plant, I may cite the case of 
Stipa virid'icla var. robusta. My attention was called to this 
grass by Professor C. S. Crandall, who requested me to an- 
alyze it. The grass is one familiar to people of the West, 
growing in bunches among the foothihs. For comparison 
we give an analysis of a hay taken from the Year Book of 
the Department of Agriculture for 1894: 
Water 
Hay, mixed grasses, Stipa 
and clover. viridula. 
Per cent. Per cent. 
18-20 55.5;, 
Ash 
4.40 
5 -7b 
l^rotein 
S-QO 
8.91 
P'iber 
29.00 
39 . 60 
Nitrogen-free extract. . . 
45-00 
3 f '-24 
Fat 
2.^0 
T .96 
The analysis of the hay is an average analysis, while 
that of the Stipa is a single analysis of a small sample ; but 
it suffices to show that hay made from this grass ought to be 
preferable to a mixed hay, that is the average article, but 
cattle will not eat the Stipa, and horses feed on it with 
great moderation. The analysis is correct in regard to the 
composition of the fodder, but stock do not like it, and hay 
which animals will not eat, except when driven to it by ex- 
cessive hunger, does not answer the purposes of a first-class 
fodder, however good an analysis may show it to be. We 
have a parallel in the composition of our native hays and of 
alfalfa. All stock, so far as I know, eat alfalfa greedily, 
and its analysis shows it to be an excellent fodder for gen- 
eral purposes, and yet it possesses qualities which make it, 
in general estimation, a poor fodder for work or road 
