14 — 
outside this line of dead tissue, and extends a variable dis- 
tance, from only three or four, to twelve or fifteen inches. 
So in cutting be sure and make the cut sufficiently low to 
remove all the infested tissue. If the tree becomes very 
badly affected before receiving attention, it is best to grub 
it out and burn the entire tree. 
VARIETAL DIFFERENCES. 
There appear to be no varieties that are entirely free 
from attack, but, according to reports, there are wide differ- 
ences insusceptibility and in resisting power. The testimony 
concerning pears, gathered from many sources, indicates 
that Anjou, Angouleme and Seckel resist attack better than 
do Bartlett, Clapp or Flemish Beauty, and when attacked 
the disease progresses less rapidly in the first three, than it 
does in the last three. 
Among apples, the varieties of crabs seem everywhere 
more susceptible than do standard apples, but even here 
occasional exceptions are met with. A case illustrating this 
came under my notice at Eaton. 
A three-acre garden was surrounded by a row of crabs,. 
Martha and Whitney alternating. The Whitney trees were 
all either dead or dying of the disease, while not a Martha 
had been attacked. The difference between the two varieties 
was here so marked as to suggest security from attack on 
the part of the Martha, but in other localities the variety 
has succumbed. Reports concerning the standard varieties 
of apples vary greatly from different localities. Varieties 
apparently immune in one locality are badly attacked in 
another, and I am inclined to the belief that the differences 
in behavior toward the disease, with both pears and stand- 
ard apples, are due more to varying local conditions than to 
varietal differences. 
The crabs are so universally attacked that it seems un- 
desirable to plant them at all. In choosing varieties of 
standard pears and apples, be governed by the best local 
experience, and by the fruit list as recommended by the 
Board of Horticulture. Then by rational treatment 
bring about those conditions of growth that make the trees 
least liable to attack. If trees are attacked follow the course 
outlined in the preceeding pages, and by persistence eradi- 
cate the disease, or at least hold it in check. 
Of remedial preparations offered for sale I have nothing 
to say. Having stated the cause of the disease, and out- 
lined its manner of work, I leave the probability of cure to 
the judgment of the intelligent reader. 
