— 36 — 
lice and little globules of watery excretion that they have 
thrown off. I.ater the lice leave the galls, which become 
brown and dry, and go onto the leaves or tender bark about 
wounds on the tree. The leaves, as a result of the attack, 
become swollen and curled and usually take on a reddish 
coloration over the swollen portion. 
Remedies — When the leaf clusters first appear, begin 
the work of cutting them off and destroying them. They 
occur mostly, on the small twigs near the trunk and on the 
lower branches of the tree. By going over the trees two or 
three times at intervals of about a week it will be possible to 
get nearly all before the lice spread over the foliage gener- 
ally. It is stated by Riley that the eggs remain over winter 
on the trunk of the tree. If this is true, it is probable that 
a thorough spraying of whale-oil soap, i pound to 4 gallons 
of water, or kerosene emulsion, in which the kerosene is 
about one-fourth of the mixture, would kill nearly all the 
tiggS; ^ 
Idle elm is also attacked by the Fruit-tree Leaf-roller, 
to some extent. 
THE PINE-LEAF SCALE [(Jhionns])is ])i nij'olint’ Fitch.) 
White elongated scales on leaves of pine and spruce 
trees are shown in the accompanying illustration. Beneath 
the scales, in the spring, will be found a mass of purple eggs. 
Sometimes very abundant, causing the leaves to fall, as 
many of them have from the twig of silver spruce shown in 
the figure. (See Fig. 34.) 
Remedies -d'he same as for the Scurv)’ Bark-Louse of 
the apple. The best tiirn to make the application is just 
after the young lice have hatched, which will be about the 
first of June. By the aid of a hand lens one can easily keep 
watch of the eggs and learn just when they hatch each year. 
The exact time will vary with the lateness or earliness of 
the season. 
I]NSE( T ENEMIES OF THE SPRUC E. 
The scale mentioned above is quite as common on sil- 
ver spruce in Colorado as on pine. The remed;,, of course, 
is the same. 
ddiere are also two important plant lice attacking the 
spruce trees, one of which {Chernies abietis Lmn.) produces, 
brown cone-shaped galls at the tips of the twigs. I'he adult 
