26 
THE APPLE. 
rest the seion upon and cover the top of the stock. By such means the 
bare portion of the stock gets quickly covered over with the growth of 
the two should meet. In this mode 
a shoulder on the scion, to assist in 
in protecting it from the weather. 
the scions, and one cause of weak¬ 
ness and disease, the exposure of 
wood unprotected by bark, is thus 
obviated. 
Cleft grafting (Big. 6 and 7) is 
not much practised now. The 
stock being cut over in the usual 
manner, is split with a large 
knife or chisel and held open by 
a wedge, until the scion, cut away 
to a wedge form, is pushed into 
the slit. The wedge is then re¬ 
moved, and the scion closed upon 
and held fast by the stock. Of 
course it is important the scions 
should be placed at the outside of 
the stocks, so that the alburnum of 
of grafting it is well also to leave 
covering the top of the stock and 
