TRAINING. 
31 
main dormant. More, these top ones, if left untrained, would pro¬ 
vide probably from three to six duplicates of Fig. 11. They would be 
equally vertical, as far as their numbers would allow, and almost 
equally strong and thick. The skilful trainer, however, may easily 
manipulate Fig. 11 into Fig. 12. The change in the size of the buds is 
in such cases simply the result of the change 
from the vertical to the horizontal position. 
Each bud along the whole line of the shoot 
or branch is stimulated to swell by its altered 
position. This result would be even intensified 
if the growing end of Fig. 12 were^made to touch 
the ground. The stimulus on the buds and their 
efforts to swell out into full size or even be trans¬ 
formed into fruitfulness would then be greater 
than when the shoot is run along horizontally 
with the ground, as shown in Fig. 12. Pruning 
is often used as a substitute for training in 
regard to these two forms; thus many allow 
Fig. 11 to grow as here shown—in fact, it is the 
common normal style of maiden apple or other 
fruit trees. It would, however, have been better 
to have grown it in the form of Fig. 12 from the 
first. But that not being done, then, instead of 
cutting back Fig. 11 to within a bud or two of the 
bottom or ground line, the whole of the top should 
be left at length and tied down the second year, 
as in Fig. 12. It will make little or no wood, but many fruit buds, so 
that at three years from the grafts a fruit-bearing tree will be produced. 
And this is one of the greatest triumphs of the saving of time and Ithe 
Fig. 12. 
securing of profit by skilful training. For by it alone fertility is alike 
hastened and augmented. In Fig. 13 the same principle of training is 
carried over a larger area. By allowing the young tree to describe a 
spiral movement, Nature’s desire to mount is gratified, while the buds 
are also forced out into prominence or converted into fruitfulness by 
their semi-horizontal position. In these, and other methods that might 
