240 
AFRICAN GAME TRAILS 
wandering temper, often shifting his abode and sometimes 
making long migrations. The rhinoceros is a lover of 
solitude; it is usually found alone, or a bull and cow, or 
cow and calf may be in company; very rarely are as many 
as half a dozen found together. Moreover, it is compara¬ 
tively stationary in its habits, and as a general thing stays 
permanently in one neighborhood, not shifting its position 
for very many miles unless for grave reasons. 
The African elephant has recently been divided into a 
number of sub-species; but as within a century its range 
was continuous over nearly the whole continent south of the 
Sahara, and as it was given to such extensive occasional 
wanderings, it is probable that the examination of a suffi¬ 
cient series of specimens would show that on their confines 
these races grade into one another. In its essentials the 
beast is almost everywhere the same, although, of course, 
there must be variation of habits with any animal which 
exists throughout so wide and diversified a range of terri¬ 
tory; for in one place it is found in high mountains, in an¬ 
other in a dry desert, in another in low-lying marshes or 
wet and dense forests. 
In East Africa the old bulls are usually found singly 
or in small parties by themselves. These have the biggest 
tusks; the bulls in the prime of life, the herd bulls or breed¬ 
ing bulls, which keep in herds with the cows and calves, 
usually have smaller ivory. Sometimes, however, very 
old but vigorous bulls are found with the cows; and I am 
inclined to think that the ordinary herd bulls at times also 
keep by themselves, or at least in company with only a few 
cows, for at certain seasons, generally immediately after 
the rains, cows, most of them with calves, appear in great 
