502 
APPENDIX E 
wild ass, unlike the zebra, really is so colored that because thereof it 
may occasionally escape observation from dull-sighted foes. 
Mr. Thayer^s argument is based throughout on a complete failure 
to understand the conditions of zebra life. He makes an elaborate 
statement to show that the brilliant cross bands of the zebra have great 
obliterative effect, insisting that, owing to the obliterative coloration, zebras 
continually escape observation in the country in which they live. He con¬ 
tinues: “Furthermore, all beasts must have water, and so the zebras of 
the dry plains must needs make frequent visits to the nearest living sloughs 
and rivers. There, by the water’s edge, tall reeds and grasses almost 
always flourish, and there, where all beasts meet to drink, is the great place 
of danger for the ruminants, and all on whom the lion preys. In the 
open land they can often detect their enemy afar off, and depend on 
their fleetness for escape; but when they are down in the river bed, among 
the reeds, he may approach unseen and leap among them without warn¬ 
ing. It is probably at these drinking-places that the zebra’s pattern is 
most beneficently potent. From far or near the watching eye of the 
hunter (bestial or human) is likely to see nothing, or nothing but reed- 
stripes, where it might otherwise detect the contour of a zebra.” In a 
foot-note he adds that however largely lions and other rapacious mammals 
hunt by scent, it is only sight that serves them when they are down wind 
of their quarry; and that sight alone must guide their ultimate killing 
dash and spring. 
Now this theory of Mr. Thayer’s about the benefit of the zebra’s 
coloration at drinking-places, as a shield against foes, lacks even the slight¬ 
est foundation in fact; for it is self-evident that animals when they come 
down to drink necessarily move. The moment that any animal the size 
of a zebra moves, it at once becomes visible to the eye of its human or 
bestial foes, unless it skulks in the most cautious manner. The zebra 
never skulks, and, like most of the plains game, it never, at least when 
adult, seeks to escape observation—indeed in the case of the zebra (un¬ 
like what is true of the antelope) I am not sure that even the young 
seek to escape observation. I have many times watched zebras and 
antelopes—wildebeest, hartebeest, gazelle, waterbuck, kob—coming down 
to water; their conduct was substantially similar. The zebras, for 
instance, made no effort whatever to escape observation; they usually 
went to some drinking-place as clear of reeds as possible; but sometimes 
they were forced to come down to drink where there was rather thick 
