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Herpetomonas jaculum (Leger) 
Kala-azar. He was the first to demonstrate the three phases of the 
life-history of Herpetomonads, and farther stated that before the bi- 
fiagellate nature of H. muscae domesticae could be accepted, the entire 
development of the flagellate must be considered. In the same year 
(1907), Patton gave a brief resume of the insect flagellates of Madras, 
pointing out the occurrence of Herpetomonad parasites in no less than 
eight insects that he had personally investigated. 
In 1908, Patton described H. lygaei, occurring in the bug Lygaeus 
militaris. Its full life-cycle was given in detail, and the reasons for 
placing it in the genus Herpetomonas were also set forth. In this same 
paper (1908, p. 12), Patton stated that he had himself followed the 
development of H. muscae domesticae, and that “the appearance of a 
double flagellum...can only represent the commencing division of the 
flagellate.” Donovan (1909) has confirmed Patton’s statements. 
From my own examination of house-flies infected with H. muscae 
domesticae (see p. 374) I can confirm Patton’s statements. During 
my researches, I have watched the flagellum of the living H. muscae 
domesticae divide into two in exactly the same manner as in H. jaculum, 
H. culicis, Grithidia gerridis and C. melophagia. 
It would appear, then, from more recent work, that Prowazek’s 
interpretation of the double flagellum as a constant feature of the type 
species of Herpetomonas is not accurate. 
Chatton and Alilaire (1908) published a short note on a flagellate 
from Drosophila confusa, called Leptomonas (Herpetomonas) drosophilae. 
These authors have accepted Prowazek’s characterisation of H. muscae 
domesticae as bi-flagellate. The development of Leptomonas drosophilae 
is not completely worked out, though it is confidently asserted that the 
infection of the fly is hereditary. On account of the organism being 
aciculate and possessing a single flagellum, Chatton and Alilaire state 
that they re-institute the generic name Leptomonas for their parasite, 
that name having been first given by Kent to a flagellate described 
from a Nematode, Trilohus sp. 
Roubaud (1908) accepts the definition of Leptomonas given by 
Chatton and Alilaire. 
Berliner (1909), investigating H. jaculum, considers it bi-flagellate, 
but states that the parasite begins by having a single flagellum. He 
considers that a second flagellum grows out from near the root of the 
first. Berliner therefore follows Chatton and Alilaire, but also places 
the genus Grithidia in the genus Leptomonas, so that Grithidia gerridis 
becomes Leptomonas gerridis ; G. melophagia, L. melophagia, etc. This 
compounding of genera cannot be commended. Grithidia are very 
