474 Spirocliaeta galUnanmi 
grow up into normal spirochaetes resembling those occurring in the 
blood. 
The inoculation of these coccoid bodies into Java sparrows has not 
always been followed by infection and there is evidently some other 
factor in their development which is not quite clear. One experiment 
has been made, however, which suggests that the coxal fluid may be of 
assistance in causing the development. 
A number of eggs containing numerous coccoid bodies were crushed 
up and the resulting material divided into two halves. One part was 
mixed with some coxal fluid, carefully collected to avoid any possibility 
of it being contaminated by exci’ement, and the mixture then injected 
into a Java sparrow. The ofher half of the crushed eggs were directly 
injected into another sparrow. The first bird became infected five 
days later and died of the infection with its blood swarming with 
spirochaetes, whereas the second bird never became infected. 
On another occasion the injection of eggs containing coccoid bodies 
that had been heated at 37° C. for 36 hours produced a very slight 
infection in a Java sparrow. Two injections of the coccoid bodies from 
eggs that had been heated at 37° C. for 24 hours were followed by 
negative results, whilst on another occasion an injection of similar material 
produced a slight infection. The results, therefore, are somewhat 
contradictory and show that there is still some undetermined factor 
connected with their development. 
It is possible that when the coccoid bodies mixed with the coxal 
fluid enter the wound caused by the tick’s bite, the spirochaetes 
multiply at the site of infection before entering the general circulation. 
Up to the present we have been unable to cause the development of 
these coccoid bodies in culture media, but there is little doubt that they 
are capable of being cultured, for both Tunnicliff (1906) and Noguchi 
(1911) have succeeded with other species of spirochaetes. The former, 
working with S. vincenti, obtained cultures of the fusiform bacillus forms, 
which, in the case of S. gallinarum, are obtained in the cells of Argas 
that have been heated at 37° C. for a few days. 
Therefore, it is possible that one of the stages of the spirochaete 
may be cultured without the spirochaete form being developed. 
The discussion of the true position of the spirochaetes will be 
postponed until a more detailed account of this parasite is published. 
