G-. H. F. Nuttall, W. F. Cooper and L. E. Robinson 155 
respiratory system and sexual organs. Both sexes of the ungorged 
adults are of about the same size; but when fully fed, the female greatly 
exceeds the male in size. The scutum in the male covers almost the 
entire dorsum; the anterior portion only, in the female. 
In species of Ixodidae which possess eyes, they are present, as far as 
we know, in all the stages, but eyes do not occur at all in the genera 
Haemaphysalis, Ixodes and Aponomma. 
We shall proceed to give a somewhat detailed specific description of 
Haemaphysalis punctata , together with the iconography and distribution. 
Haemaphysalis punctata, Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877. 
Synonymy. 
Haemaphysalis punctata, Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877. 
Haemaphysalis sulcata, Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877. 
Rhipicephalus expositicius, L. Koch, 1877. 
Herpetobia sulcata, Canestrini, 1890. 
The foregoing synonymy is given by Neumann (1897, p. 327). He 
includes Haemaphysalis peregrin as, Pickard-Cambridge (1889, p. 406), 
but on referring to the descriptions and figures of the latter author, we 
were unable to agree with Neumann, for the reason that it was impos¬ 
sible to recognise, the tick from the inadequate description. The types, 
moreover, have been lost. 
Haemaphysalis cinnaberina, C. L. Koch, 1844 and 1847, was 
degraded to H. punctata var. cinnaberina by Neumann (1905, p. 237), 
vide infra. 
Canestrini (1890, p. 526) included Ixodes chelifer, Megnin, 1880, 
and Pseudixodes holsatus, Haller, 1882, in this synonymy, but he was 
wrong in so doing, as was pointed out by Neumann (1897, pp. 338, 
360). 
Railliet (1895, p. 714) quotes Canestrini. Neumann (1901, p. 260) 
considers that Ixodes testudinarius, Murray (1877, p. 192), which 
Murray makes synonymous with Ixodes marginatus, Leach, to be 
probably H. punctata. He appears to base this opinion on a figure of 
Murray’s which seems to us to be quite unrecognisable. 
Description and Iconography. 
Canestrini and Fanzago’s original description (1877, p. 121 repr. and 
1877—78, p. 189) refers only to the </ and $, and is so brief that it 
would be impossible to identify the species by it. The description 
