536 
SPAVIN. 
In cases of this character, the only probability of a cure is the 
union of these bones, by which means all movement is stopped 
between their ulcerated and sensitive surfaces. 
Connected with spavin is friction of the astragalus and the 
inferior extremity of the tibia. The cause of this I imagine, in 
many cases, to proceed from the want of motion betwixt the dif¬ 
ferent bones of the tarsus, and that in a direction inward. What 
would warrant me in drawing this conclusion is, that the injury 
done to the articular cartilage in the commencement of the dis¬ 
ease is on the outer sides of each of the ridges of the astragalus, 
and likewise on the tibia that opposes these parts. 
The effects of this vary in many of our specimens. In some 
there is a polished surface similar to the appearance of enamel, 
which is generally found midway in the circle of the condyles. 
In others the surfaces are grooved all over the articulation. When 
this has taken place, there is no treatment adequate to restore the 
articular surfaces to their original smooth and elastic condition. 
Connected with diseases of this articulation is an increased 
quantity of synovia, producing those enlargements called bog 
spavin and thoroughpins. 
From the brief description I have given of spavins, it cannot 
but be acknowledged that no one empirical kind of treatment 
can ever cure the different varieties which l have described; 
yet many have laid down a mode of proceeding which they 
think is a specific, while they will not admit that benefit can be 
derived from any other plan. The grand principle in treating 
most parts or organs in disease is to keep them at rest, and it 
will be found that this alone often effects more than any of our 
contrivances or applications; but when it can be of service it 
must not be lost sight of, that the translation of inflammation 
is one of our first and foremost means; and in these cases this 
can be effected only by stimulants, and the most powerful we at 
present possess are the actual cautery and the blister. 
I have yet to learn as to the efficaciousness of setons in spavins. 
I have in recollection one case in which they were inserted, and 
persevered in for two months without the least benefit: firing 
was then had recourse to, and effected a cure. 
When the ligaments are first injured, I have seen the lameness 
and swelling removed by depleting remedies ; but at this period 
of the existence of spavin the veterinarian seldom sees the horse, 
on account of the trifling degree of lameness. 
