234 REVIEW-GLEANINGS IN NATURAL HISTORY. 
accomplishing a purpose, recourse is had to another more likely 
to succeed; and we consider that some of the instances which we 
have given will sufficiently prove the reasoning powers of animals; 
or, if not quite amounting to reason, it is clear that they are in 
possession of a superiority of intellect which approaches very near 
to it. 
Happiness and Gratitude of Animals . 
It is astonishing how much man might do to lessen the misery 
of those creatures which are either given to him for food, or use, 
or for adding to his pleasure, if he was so disposed : instead of 
which, he often exercises a degree of wanton tyranny and cruelty 
over them which cannot be too much deprecated, and for which, 
no doubt, he will one day be held accountable. The following 
instances prove that they are capable of shewing gratitude and 
affection to those who have been kind to them :— 
“I know/' says Mr. Jesse, “many persons who, like myself, 
take a pleasure in seeing all the animals about them appear happy 
and contented. Cows will shew their pleasure at seeing those who 
have been kind to them, by moving their ears gently, and putting 
out their wet noses. 
“ My old horse rests his head on the gate with great compla¬ 
cency when he sees me coming, expecting to receive an apple 
or a piece of bread. I should even be sorry to see my poultry 
and pigs get out of my way with any symptoms of fear. 
“The following littie anecdote will shew the gratitude and re¬ 
collection of the kindness shewn to an animal:—A young lady 
in the neighbourhood (who, if she w r ould even read this anec¬ 
dote, will not, I hope, object to having had this instance of her 
humane disposition recorded) brought up a calf, whose mother 
had died soon after it was born. She made a pet of it; but 
when it became an heifer, for some reason it was parted with, 
and she lost sight of it for about two years. At the end of that 
time, as she was walking with a friend in a lane, she met some 
cows, when one of them left the herd and came up to her, shew¬ 
ing evident symptoms of pleasure at seeing her : she immediately 
knew and patted her old acquaintance, who, after being satisfied 
by these marks of her favour that the recognition was mutual, 
quietly turned away, and joined her companions. An instance 
of the same grateful recognition occurred in the case of a lion 
which is at present, or was lately, in the Tower of London. 
This lion, when very young, became the property of a gentleman ; 
he had treated it kindly, kept it some time with him abroad, 
and, on his return, brought it over to England, when, not know¬ 
ing what else to do with it, he sent it to the Tower: here he 
became extremely " fierce, and was always mentioned by the 
