238 MR. youatt’s veterinary lectures. 
The Ninth Pair of Nerves , or the Glosso-Pharyngeus. —This 
has been usually described as a branch of the tenth, or cerebro- 
visceral, but it is perfectly distinct from it. The glosso-pharyngeus 
arises from the lateral column of the medulla oblongata, immedi¬ 
ately posterior to the inferior root of the seventh. It consists of 
an uncertain number of filaments, generally four or five, small, 
arising in a line, approximating and uniting. Professor Mayo 
says that a small ganglion is formed upon them. Although I 
had not observed this until it was pointed out by that accurate ana¬ 
tomist (for it is a very small one), I am disposed to acknowledge 
its existence, and I regard the discovery of it as one of singular 
importance. This ganglion being formed, the nerve pierces the 
dura mater separately from the par vagum (as it used to be call¬ 
ed, and with which it should never have been confounded), and 
is seen deep under the angle of the jaw. It passes over the internal 
carotid, “ and runs/’ as Mr. Percivall well describes it, “ forwards 
and downwards,” giving branches to the styloid and digastric 
muscles—anastomosing with the cerebro-visceral and the acces¬ 
sory nerve—sending fibrils to the constrictor muscles of the pha¬ 
rynx—then dividing into other branches—anastomosing with the 
lingual nerve, and finally losing itself in the base of the tongue. 
The Function of the Glosso-Pharyngeus. —Now, gentlemen , let 
us pause. We must tread cautiously here. Where do we find 
this glosso-pharyngeal nerve?—on the fore part of the corpus 
restiforme in the human being, that is, on the anterior (inferior) 
surface of the spinal chord, and therefore at once begetting the 
suspicion that it has a motor character; but in the quadruped, 
arising from the side of the head of the column—more equally and 
decidedly between the motor and sensitive columns of the spinal 
chord, and occupying a kind of border ground between them. 
What is its anatomical character? It arises by minute fibrils in a 
line, resembling a motor nerve; these fibrils passthrough or 
form a ganglion like a sensitive nerve ; and this ganglionic nerve 
with a motor origin is distributed over muscles or parts, some of 
which are already plainly and plentifully supplied with nervous 
influence from the cerebral or spinal nerves, while from others this 
influence is withheld or bestowed indirectly and sparingly. 
The Portion of the Nerve belonging to the Tongue .—We call 
it the glosso-pharyngeal ; belonging to the tongue and the pha¬ 
rynx. Now the tongue is plentifully supplied from the linguales 
and seventh pair,—nerves of voluntary motion,—and the fifth 
pair, a sensitive nerve. Although this nerve from the lateral co¬ 
lumn were taken away, there would be scarcely any part of the 
frame more lavishly endowed with nervous influence. But the 
muscles of the tongue are connected, in a more decided way than 
