[ 2 3 1 
Remote changes in the Aorta. 
In 21 out of the 93 buffaloes’ aortas examined scars representing 
tumours which had shrunken up after the death of the worms, ■were found. 
It must be noted at the same time, however, that these scars were sometimes 
found side by side with fresh tumours containing living worms. Hence it 
is evident that the formation of these tumours does not all take place at the 
same time, or certain less favoured ones perish earlier than the rest. These 
degenerated tumours are met with in all stages from the unchanged tumour 
with attached dead or more or less shrunken worm to a deeply indented scar 
from which springs a white fibrous cord representing the remains of the 
worm, often in many fragments, joining with other remnants in the neighbour¬ 
hood to form a loose reticulated mass. 
Section of an Aortic Scar. 
A section from one of these scars shows irregularly serrated edges and 
a surface covered by a thin epithelium consisting of small flat cells continuous 
with the endothelium of the aorta. 
The thin layer of muscle fibres in the internal coat is largely replaced 
by stout fibrous’tissue. The tunica media and externa also contain much 
fibrous tissue with a corresponding scarcity of elastic fibres. No remnant 
of a worm has been found in the scar tissue. 
Altogether the morbid aorta is thickened but there is a loss of the elastic 
element in the wall. 1 his paves the way for the formation of small 
aneurismal scars at the site of the degenerate tumours. 
These small aneurysms are formed by the excessive thinning and the 
diminution of elastic fibres in the walls of the aorta in these 1 egions. Small 
red clots are occasionally found in these pouches, but the fibrinous layers 
seen in the clots of human aneurysms indicating attempts at filling up the 
cavity have never been met with. These aneurysms aie so small in size 
(seldom reaching a depth or a width of more than 1.5 cm.) that they piobabl) 
play very little part in the derangement of the arterial flow or lead to 
rupture. 
Naked Eye Appearances. 
The female is a round worm. The youngest specimens found were about 
6 to 7 cm. in length, and when adult 25 to 30 cm. At its head end it i^ 
attached to the tumour w r hilst the other extremity is free and moves about 
in the blood stream. 
The colour is white and translucent at the tapering head end ( length 
usually 20 mm.) but lower down the many coils of the distended uterine 
tubes render the worm intensely opaque. The alimentary canal can be 
seen as a thin browm streak. The body gradually increases in thickness as 
the narrow head portion is left; the diameter is greatest about the middle of 
the worm, whence it gradually decreases in size again and ends in the 
tail. The posterior portion is quite transparent from the absence of the 
coiled tubes (10 to 12 mm.). 
In the fresh state the worm is very active. When placed in water it 
wriggles to and fro and even when severed in many places each has the 
power of movement by itself, especially the tail and head. 1 he worm has 
lived up to the second day when separated from the tumour. \\ hen 
partially dried and apparently dead the addition of water will often re\i\e it. 
