[ 18 ] 
with the intestine ill defined. Anus subterminal .3 mm. from the pointed 
tip of the tail. No males were seen. this worm is clearly distinct and 
from the extra ocular filaria of horse or fowls. 
In the peritoneal ca\ lty of almost every bullock but not in the buffalo 
Filaria Cervina are found. These worms are easily distinguished from 
the Filaria papillosa found in the horse by the presence of two blunt cuticular 
projections near the caudal extremity and the absence of the outer perioral 
papillae. They do not cause any symptoms. One of the most interesting 
series of filaria are those found in the aorta. They occur in all the Bovidiae 
examined, but whilst the largest species of the worm is very common in the 
Malay buffalo it is very rare in the Siamese bullocks. 
A careful study of these filaria has been made by Dr. Tuck, and the 
reader is referred to his account of these worms. 
The division of the ovarian tubes into four is most unusual. The 
peculiarity of the habitat of the adult and the absence of embryos from the 
blood are of great interest. 
The effect on the vessels is marked. Usually they are greatly thickened, 
especially in the* fibrous coat, and the aorta is frequently dilated whilst the 
interior surface is roughened and covered with ridges and strands of fibrous 
tissue representing the places where worms have been attached. 
Small aneurismal dilatations are not uncommon. In spite of these 
changes the animals appear to be in good health, and Mr. Ford informs me 
that he has not known them in any case to cause death. 
In dogs, Filaria immitis occurs, but is rare. Dogs thrive well in the 
country and it is only exceptionally that these worms are found and then 
usually in small numbers only. 
Dr. Travers informs me, however, that some 13 years ago the disease 
became epidemic amongst a pack of hunting dogs. Some 15 to 20 dogs died 
within a period of two months from the effects of this parasite. 
This is of special interest as this filaria is conveyed from dog to dog 
via mosquitoes, the intermediate hosts, in the same manner as the human 
Filaria Nocturna. Under suitable conditions there is nothing to prevent a 
similar outbreak of Filariasis in man. 
The important part played by animal parasites in the causation of 
disease amongst man and other animals of economic value is as yet 
not sufficiently fully recognised. The prevalence of these parasites in the 
Tropics is the main cause of the unhealthiness of such countries and the 
greatest obstacle to the development of a country. 
Many parasites at first considered to be harmless or of small importance 
have subsequently been shown to be either dangerous in themselves or to 
be closely allied to species dangerous to other animals. 
A thorough knowledge of these parasites and of the conditions essential 
for their existence and propagation is requisite for any attempts at prevention 
of diseases due to such causes and therefore as full information as can be 
obtained is the necessary preliminary to such attempts. 
The constant stream of importation of men and animals harbouring 
parasites may at any time result in wide diffusion of disease. 
