[ II ] 
Dr. Leicester’s Examinations. 
i st Series. 12 Siamese bullocks.—n had Rinderpest, and in 9 Piro¬ 
soma were found, including one which recovered. One was never ill and 
no pirosoma were found. 
2nd Series. 15 bullocks.—1 Siamese, 3 cross between Siamese and 
Indian, 10 Indian and 1 calf. Of the Indian 7 had Rinderpest and 5 recovered. 
Pirosoma were found in all. There did not have Rinderpest, and 2 of these 
had Pirosoma. The calf also had Pirosoma. Of the three half breeds all had 
Pirosoma. 
This gives a total of 27 cattle of mixed breeds with 23 infections, or 
^5* T P er cent. When it is remembered that many of the infections were 
so small that prolonged search was required to find a single parasite this 
percentage is probably below the real number indicating the proportion of 
infected animals, and indicates that practically all cattle here are infected 
with the parasites. 
The state of affairs appears to be very similar to that found by Koch 
in East Africa, flhere is a general infection of the cattle. The animals in 
their normal condition harbour the parasites only in small numbers and 
are insusceptible to the effects. W r hen much reduced as by an attack of 
Rinderpest the parasites increase, and this secondary infection or rather 
exacerbation occurs and appears to be a cause of part of the mortality 
from Rinderpest. The animals die in reality from the combination of the 
two diseases. 
A still more important point is the liability to severe infection of cattle 
imported from many parts of Australia. These imported cattle are known 
to be highly susceptible to the disease. 
In one of these imported animals a severe attack of typical “ redwater ” 
or “ Texas” fever was observed, and Pirosoma were found in the blood. 
It is a common experience that such imported cattle frequently die within a 
few months after arrival in the country. 
The matter is a serious one as it will be difficult to improve the breed 
of cattle here unless care is taken to import cattle only from places where 
the disease is endemic and the animals have acquired immunity. 
Other imported cattle should not be allowed to graze on land that has 
been grazed on by the native, Siamese or Indian, cattle, as the ticks, the 
definitive hosts, of the disease abound and many must be infected. The 
ticks found on cattle appear to be the Australian Species Boophilus Australis 
and not the Boophilus Bovis which carries the disease in America and Europe. 
The precautions required are so elaborate and w T ould be so difficult to 
carry out that the importation of such animals should be avoided. 
Other Protozoa. 
Haemosporozoa were found in several species of monkeys. They 
resemble the subtertian parasite of man but the gamete forms are spherical. 
In a flying fox Dr. Finlayson found parasites which closely resemble those 
found by Dionisi in bats in Italy. They resemble the gamete forms of 
human Quartan Malaria. Halteridium occurs in several species of birds. 
Proteosoma were not found in the sparrows. Probably this is related to the 
scarcity of Culex Fatigans except in the vicinity of the more permanent 
settlements. 
