Animal Parasites in IVIan and some of the Lower 
Animals in Malaya. 
Many observations have been made on the presence of various animal 
parasites, but our knowledge of their occurrence in Malaya, of their life 
histories and of their effects on their hosts is still far from complete. 
PROTOZOA. 
Of the four great classes the Sacodina are represented by the Amoeba 
Coli. This Amoeba is common in some of the forms of dysentery, but is 
only occasionally met with in other forms. It has not been found by us 
except in association with ulceration of the colon or in the Intestine. It 
was found in all cases of Hepatic abscess examined. Attempts at 
cultivation either in artificial media, in flies and in larvae failed. 
Infusoria. 
Paramoccium Coli and various other ciliated organisms were found in 
dysentery and occasionally in loose stools where there was no proof of 
ulceration. 
Mastigophora. 
In man were only represented by flagellate intestinal organisms, 
Balantidium Coli , in certain cases of dysentery. Trypanosomes in man were 
not found. In a horse Trypanosomes were found in large numbers and the 
animal died in a few days. Clinically all the symptoms of “ Surra ” were 
present. Guinea pigs injected with the fresh blood of this horse died in 
three months. Numerous trypanosomes were found in their blood. The 
animal had been in the States for two years and must therefore have become 
infected in the country. No previous case could be discovered, and it appears 
probable that a less susceptible animal than a horse had introduced the 
disease. In the course of numerous examinations of cattle, similar, though 
somewhat larger parasites were found in the blood of a buffalo (Siamese) 
recently imported. It is not improbable that as these animals are almost 
insusceptible to the effects of the parasites that the disease is occasionally 
imported in them from countries where “Surra” is endemic, and may in 
turn infect susceptible animals such as the horse in this instance. No 
Glossina are known here, but there are numerous species of biting flies. 
It is difficult to see how such an importation could be prevented. 
Sporozoa. 
This class is well represented, and the members of it are the causes of 
numerous diseases both in man and in the lower animals. 
